“汉当自制礼”:东汉前期“制汉礼”的逻辑理路及失败原因  

Logic and Failure of “Making Han Ritual” Movement in Early Eastern Han

作　　者：王尔 Wang Er

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2021年第3期69-84,共16页Chinese Culture Research

摘　　要：东汉前期出现"汉当自制礼"的呼吁及相关实践,背后有特殊的逻辑理路:认定西汉承秦礼阙,没能接续中断的先王之道。唯有制作"汉"礼,方能验证儒学意义上的王朝受命,这一使命须由"新汉"来完成。光武"受命"和封禅后之趋近"太平",构成制礼作乐的两大前提。借助制"汉"礼,东汉谋求实现比肩三代的政制教化,继承先王之道而超越西汉。从班固《汉书·礼乐志》"汉无礼乐"的书写,可见东汉儒者对西汉礼阙的判定、惋惜及制汉礼的急切心态。"汉自制礼"反映了制作者对汉与三代、两汉关系的想象和重置,为东汉拟构了"以示百代"的理想方向。汉礼最终的流产,原因主要是操之过急的章帝和曹褒改变了光武帝注重协商的制礼路线,其创制是否为真正之汉礼遭到普遍质疑。随着章帝的离世,制礼之事也烟消云散。The proposal of"making Han ritual"was appealed and implemented in the early period of the Eastern Han Dynasty.The proponents believed that the Western Han Dynasty inherited the situation of ritual disintegration from Qin,and only if the new Han made"Han ritual"could it prove that the dynasty had acquired Heaven Mandate in a Confucianism sense.Emperor Guangwu founded the dynasty and brought Great Peace to it,which become the basis of Han ritual making.Confucian scholars tried to go after the ancient sage’s tao(path),compared Eastern Han with"Three Dynasties,"and overstepped Western Han on this account by making the ritual.Ban Gu’s"Treatise on Ritual and Music"of Han Shu reflected contemporary scholars’regret on the absence of ritual in the Western Han and their passion on carrying out the Han ritual.Failure of this movement came from the court’s opposition because of Emperor Zhang’s arbitrariness during ritual making,bringing question in court on whether the ritual was the true one or not.The Han ritual came to an end when the emperor passed away suddenly.

关 键 词：汉礼 曹褒 汉章帝 《汉书·礼乐志》 礼议 

分 类 号：K23[历史地理—历史学]