上海浦东东滩湿地斑嘴鸭和绿头鸭的越冬期空间行为与栖息地利用  

Spatial Behavior and Habitat Use of Anas poecilorhyncha and A.platyrhynchos in Winter at Dongtan Wetland of Pudong,Shanghai

作　　者：叶思嘉 马硕 周锋 韦旭 岳衢 黄美玲 吴迪 金惠宇 薄顺奇 袁晓 罗梓菁 顾建明 王天厚[1] 王正寰[1,5] YE Sijia;MA Shuo;ZHOU Feng;WEI Xu;YUE Qu;HUANG Meiling;WU Di;JIN Huiyu;BO Shunqi;YUAN Xiao;LUO Zijing;GU Jianming;WANG Tianhou;WANG Zhenghuan(School of Life Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Jinshan District Forestry Station,Shanghai 201500,China;Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau,Shanghai 200041,China;Pudong District Forestry Station,Shanghai 201200,China;Joint Translational Science and Technology Research Institute,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200241 [2]上海市金山区林业站,上海201500 [3]上海市绿化和市容管理局,上海200041 [4]上海市浦东新区林业站,上海201200 [5]华东师范大学转化科学与技术联合研究院,上海200241

出　　处：《复旦学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期451-461,共11页Journal of Fudan University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31470488);上海市野生动植物保护管理站禽流感疫源动物监测项目。

摘　　要：本研究使用GPS卫星跟踪技术,以本地区最常见的斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhyncha)(5只)和绿头鸭(A.platyrhynchos)(4只)为研究对象,研究了冬季斑嘴鸭和绿头鸭在浦东的栖息地空间利用特征.利用固定核空间法(FKE)测得越冬季个体的平均活动范围为(15.073±25.390)km2,没有明显的种间差异.两种鸭属鸟类的主要栖息地类型为滩涂、沟渠、农田和内陆水体,观测到的利用率分别为38.45%、32.46%、19.88%和8.85%,滩涂和沟渠是最主要的栖息地类型且昼、夜均利用.农田是研究区域主要的栖息地类型,是鸭属鸟类冬季重要的取食地,但只有部分个体使用,且多在夜间.所有监测个体均在夜间保持较高的活动强度,且活动高峰出现在清晨与黄昏.本研究比较系统地揭示了上海地区冬季斑嘴鸭和绿头鸭的栖息地利用和活动节律、活动范围等时空特征,为高度城市化地区的鸟类保护和管理提供了基础资料.In this study,we studied the spatial behavior and habitat use pattern of the two most common ducks,five spot-billed ducks(Anas poecilorhyncha)and four mallards(A.platyrhynchos)in Dongtan Wetland of Pudong,Shanghai using GPS satellite tracking technology.The studies showed that the two anatid species began northward migration in early April.Each individual had a relatively fixed activity range during the wintering period with an average area of(15.073±25.390)km2(95%FKE),and there was no significant difference between species.Main habitat types used by tracked ducks included the intertidal zone,canal,farmaland,and inland water,the utilization percentage are 38.45%,32.46%,19.88%and 8.85%respectively.Among them,the intertidal zone and canal were the two types of mainly used habitat by all tracked individuals.Although farmland is the main type of landform in the study area,and are potential feeding ground of ducks in winter,it was only used by four tracked individuals and mainly used at night to avoid human disturbance in the daytime.All tracked individuals kept active at night and showed activity peaks at dusk and early morning.These findings were the first to systematically revealed the temporal and spatial characteristics of habitat utilization,activity patterns and activity range of ducks in winter in Shanghai,providing basic data for waterbird conservation and management in highly urbanized areas.

关 键 词：斑嘴鸭 绿头鸭 浦东东滩湿地 越冬期 栖息地 行为 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]