移民的空间聚集与群体社会距离:来自上海的证据  

Spatial Concentration and Social Distance of Migrants:Evidences fromShanghai

作　　者：曾东林 吴晓刚 陈伟[4] ZENG Donglin;WU Xiaogang;CHEN Wei(Center for Applied Social and Economic Research,NYU Shanghai;Institute of Policy Studies,Lingnan University;Department of Sociology,NYU;School of Sociology and Political Science,Shanghai University)

机构地区：[1]上海纽约大学应用社会经济研究中心 [2]岭南大学政策研究院 [3]纽约大学社会学系 [4]上海大学社会学院

出　　处：《社会》2021年第5期56-79,共24页Chinese Journal of Sociology

摘　　要：本文以上海为例,研究社区外来人口聚居对群体社会距离的影响。基于2016年上海市实有人口数据,我们运用空间统计的方法区分了不同来源省份的外来人口在各个社区的聚居状况,再结合2017年完成的“上海都市社区调查”(SUNS)个体数据,对移民群体同乡的居住聚集和他们所感知的与本地居民社会距离之间的关系进行分析。研究发现,相对于居住在非聚集社区的移民,居住在同乡聚集社区的移民与本地居民有更大的社会距离,即与本地居民进行交往的意愿更低。进一步的分析发现,居住在非隔离的同乡聚集社区的移民并没有表现出更大的社会距离,而居住在非隔离社区的移民则表现出更大的社会距离。而这些发现也仅仅存在于城市社区。我们认为同乡的居住聚集强化了本外地群体之间的边界,不利于他们融入当地城市社会。This paper examines whether the spatial concentration of migrants from the same province of origin is associated with a larger social distance toward the native residents in Shanghai.We develop theoretical hypotheses that the spatial concentration of in-group members,measured as migrants with the same province of origin,reinforces their group identity and enlarges their perceived social distance toward natives.Applying spatial clustering analysis to government register-based data,we first define spatial concentration as a high representation of in-group members in a series of adjacent neighborhoods.Specifically,we adopt the Hot Spot Analysis tool to calculate the Getis-Ord Gi*statistics for the distribution of each migrant group across residential neighborhoods and identify statistically significant spatial clusters of high values(hot spots)and low values(cold spots).We then link respondents with government register-based data by information on the geographic location of each respondent in the SUNS and distinguish migrants living in spatially clustered neighborhoods from their counterparts living elsewhere.This study has two main findings.First,the spatial concentration of in-group members reinforces group identity.Migrants living in spatially clustered neighborhoods tend to demonstrate a higher level of group identity than their counterparts living elsewhere.Second,group boundaries highlighted by the spatial concentration of in-group members enlarge the social distance between migrants and native residents.That is,migrants living in spatially clustered neighborhoods tend to have a larger social distance toward natives.We argue that the increased social distance can be explained by the residential segregation created by the spatial concentration of in-group members.We further classify spatially clustered neighborhoods into segregated and non-segregated neighborhoods.Compared with migrants living in non-clustered neighborhoods,only those living in segregated neighborhoods have a larger social distance toward nativ

关 键 词：移民 社区 空间聚集 社会距离 社会融合 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]