宽幅播种对冬小麦花后干物质积累及转运的影响  

Effect of Wide Bed Planting on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation of Winter Wheat After Anthesis

作　　者：郑贝贝[1] 王艳敏 倪永静 刘红杰 张亚菲[1] 刘松涛[1] 付汝洪 孙凤玲 Zheng Beibei;Wang Yanmin;Ni Yongjing;Liu Hongjie;Zhang Yafei;Liu Songtao;Fu Ruhong;Sun Fengling(Henan Vocational College of Agriculture,Zhengzhou 451450,Henan,China;Shangqiu Research Institute of Agricultural Science,Shangqiu 476000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业职业学院,郑州451450 [2]河南省商丘市农林科学院,河南商丘476000

出　　处：《农学学报》2021年第9期1-6,共6页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目“小麦抗赤霉病、黑胚病分子育种技术开发、集成与应用”(202102110021);河南农业职业学院科研创新团队项目“农作物品种选育与栽培创新团队”(HNACKT-2020-01);国家现代农业产业技术体系“国家小麦产业技术体系商丘综合试验站”(CARS-03-31)

摘　　要：为探寻不同播种方式对冬小麦生长及产量形成的调控,在大田条件下,以‘尚农5号’为供试材料,研究宽幅播种与常规播种2种种植方式对冬小麦籽粒灌浆速率及花后营养器官干物质积累、转运及其对籽粒的贡献率。结果表明,与常规播种方式相比,宽幅播种方式在籽粒快增期、缓增期灌浆速率显著提高,并且其灌浆持续时间显著缩短,说明宽幅播种有利于花后各器官干物质积累。利用多种非线性回归模型筛选出最佳拟合方程,即小麦营养器官花后干物质积累动态符合三次变型多项式Y=b+b1x+b2x2+b3x3,花后10~12天各器官干物质积累量达到最大值,之后各器官干物质积累量迅速降低。宽幅播种比常规处理花后营养器官干物质转移量提高17.92%。此外,2个处理花后营养器官干物质转移量对籽粒贡献率均达到45%以上。综上,宽幅播种方式不仅可提高小麦籽粒灌浆速率,还可促进开花后营养器官贮存的干物质向籽粒运转,说明这一技术的应用将有利于增加小麦产量形成,可降低小麦生长后期干热风和衰老对小麦产量的影响。To investigate the effects of different sowing ways on the growth and yield formation of winter wheat,cultivar‘Shangnong 5’was studied on grain filling rate,dry matter accumulation and translocation of after anthesis by using the wide bed planting and conventional seed planting,respectively.Results indicated that the grain filling rate at quick-increase and slight-increase filling stage was significantly increased and the grout duration was significantly shortened than that of conventional seed planting,suggesting that the wide bed planting was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in various organs after flowering.It conforms to cubic polynomial:Y=b+b1x+b2x2+b3x3,the dry matter accumulation of each organ was significantly increased and reached the maximum at 10-12 d after flowering,and then it was rapidly decreased.Compared with conventional treatment,the amount of dry matter transfer was increased by 17.92%in vegetative organs after flowering under wide bed planting treatment.The contribution rate of dry matter transfer in the vegetative organs to grains was above 45%at these two treatments.In brief,the rates of grain filling and dry matter transfer are significantly increased at the wide bed planting treatment,indicating that this cultivation way could increase the formation of wheat yield and reduce the effect of dry-hot wind at later growth stage and the influence of aging on wheat yield risk.

关 键 词：小麦 宽幅播种 干物质积累 转运 籽粒贡献 

分 类 号：S341[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]