不同磷肥用量及施用方式对土壤有效磷分布和冬小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Different Phosphate Fertilizer Dosages and Application Methods on Soil Available Phosphorus Distribution and Winter Wheat Yield

作　　者：李娟茹 孙明清[1] 张辉[1] 宋小颖[1] 侯大山 高倩[1] 张广辉[1] 徐彩玲 邰风雷 刘鑫翠 李光[1] 常苑苑 Li Juanru;Sun Mingqing;Zhang Hui;Song Xiaoying;Hou Dashan;Gao Qian;Zhang Guanghui;Xu Cailing;Tai Fenglei;Liu Xincui;Li Guang;Chang Yuanyuan(Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Shijiazhuang,Shijiazhuang 050051,Heibei,China;Administrative Examination and Approval Service Center of Shijiazhuang,Shijiazhuang 050000,Heibei,China;Shijiazhuang Agricultural Radio and Television School,Shijiazhuang 050051,Heibei,China;Agricultural Technical Promotion Center of Xinji,Xinji 052360,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄市农业技术推广中心,石家庄050051 [2]石家庄市行政审批服务中心,石家庄050000 [3]石家庄市农业广播电视学校,石家庄050051 [4]辛集市农业技术推广中心,河北辛集052360

出　　处：《农学学报》2021年第9期28-32,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业体系项目“石家庄优质强筋小麦节水高产综合试验推广站”(HBCT2013010201);石家庄市高层次人才支持计划。

摘　　要：为了最大程度提高磷肥的增产潜力,实现冀中南施肥减量增效,通过田间试验和室内检测的方法,研究了以固体磷肥全部底施为对照,不同施磷处理对土壤有效磷分布和冬小麦产量及产量因素的影响。结果表明:(1)与习惯施磷肥方式相比,水肥一体化喷施液磷肥可使20~60 cm土层有效磷含量提高明显;(2)减少基施固体磷肥,改为春季水肥一体化喷施液态磷肥,可增加穗粒数和千粒重,提高冬小麦产量;(3)磷肥施用宜底施固体(P2O5)90 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,春季喷施液态(P2O5)30 kg/hm^(2)小麦产量效果为佳。底施固体磷肥,并在春季分2次平均水肥一体化追施液体磷肥,可实现磷肥施用“下移增效”。To maximize the yield increasing potential of phosphate fertilizer,it is necessary to reduce the amount and increase the efficiency of fertilizer application in middle and south area of Hebei Province.Through field experiments and laboratory tests,the effects of different P application treatments on soil available P distribution,winter wheat yield and yield factors are studied.The results show that(1)compared with the conventional application of phosphate fertilizer,the integration of water and fertilizer could significantly increase the available phosphorus content in the 20-60 cm soil layer;(2)to reduce the base application of solid phosphate fertilizer and adopt the integrated spraying of liquid phosphate fertilizer with water in spring could increase the kernels per spike and 1000-grain weight and increase the yield of winter wheat;(3)on the basis of 90 kg/hm^(2) solid(P2O5)as appropriate base application of phosphate fertilizer,wheat yield is better by spraying 30 kg/hm^(2) liquid(P2O5)in spring.Base application of solid phosphate fertilizer(P2O5)and dressing water-fertilizer twice in spring could achieve the application of phosphate fertilizer“downward shift to increase efficiency”.

关 键 词：磷肥 施肥量 施用方式 土壤 有效磷 冬小麦 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]