添加益生菌和PHBV对凡纳滨对虾养殖系统水质和对虾生长、非特异免疫指标的影响  

Effects of Probiotics and Polyhydroxybutyrate on Growth and Non-Specific Immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei and Its Culturing Water Quality

作　　者：李咏梅 李腾飞 田相利[1,2] 罗凯 王龙斌[1] 张盛坤 魏聪 刘杨 Li Yongmei;Li Tengfei;Tian Xiangli;Luo Kai;Wang Longbin;Zhang Shengkun;Wei Cong;Liu Yang(The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China),Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]海水养殖教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学),山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第11期22-31,共10页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2019YFD0900403);青岛市海洋经济创新发展示范城市项目(2016-746);广东省海洋经济创新发展区域示范专项(GDHY2013-B03-005)资助。

摘　　要：本文研究了水体中添加聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)和异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)H1及H1与短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)BP-171、盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.)DN3的不同组合对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖系统水质和对虾生长、非特异免疫指标的影响。研究分别设置了PHBV添加组(D1)、芽孢杆菌H1添加组(D2)、芽孢杆菌H1+PHBV添加组(D3)、芽孢杆菌H1+盐单胞菌DN3+PHBV添加组(D4)芽孢杆菌H1+BP-171+盐单胞菌DN3+PHBV添加组(D5),以不添加PHBV和益生菌的实验组作为对照(DZ)。研究表明:同时添加益生菌和PHBV处理组的水体总氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮、总无机氮和总氮浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);单独添加PHBV可有效降低水体总氨氮、硝酸氮、总无机氮和总氮浓度,但对亚硝酸氮影响不大(P>0.05);单独添加枯草芽孢杆菌H1对总氨氮、硝酸氮去除效果最佳,而同时添加PHBV和3株益生菌对亚硝酸氮去除效果最佳;各处理组总磷平均浓度未见差异,同时添加PHBV和益生菌可显著降低水体活性磷浓度(P<0.05)。各处理组对虾的特定生长率、成活率、总重均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),以同时添加益生菌和PHBV处理组效果最佳;添加益生菌和PHBV均可不同程度提高对虾的非特异免疫能力。研究结果表明,水体中添加适宜的益生菌和PHBV可有效改善水质,提高对虾的生长性能,并在一定程度上增强对虾的非特异免疫能力。添加益生菌处理优于单独添加PHBV,同时添加益生菌和PHBV有助于提高对虾的生长性能。Effects of polyhydroxybutyrate(PHBV)and heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrifying bacteria,Bacillus subtilis H1,and their different combinations with B.pumilus BP-171 and Halomonas sp.DN3 on the growth and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei and its culturing water quality were studied.PHBV addition group(D1),B.subtilis H1 addition group(D2),B.subtilis H1+PHBV addition group(D3),B.subtilis H1+H.sp.DN3+PHBV addition group(D4),B.subtilis H1+H.sp.DN3+B.pumilus BP-171+PHBV addition group(D5)were set up,and a group without any probiotics and PHBV was used as the control(DZ).The results showed that the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total inorganic nitrogen and total nitrogen in the treatment groups with probiotics and PHBV were significantly lower than those in the control(P<0.05);Adding PHBV only can effectively reduce the concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,total inorganic nitrogen and total nitrogen,but not nitrite nitrogen(P>0.05);and adding B.subtilis H1 only can reduce the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,PHBV and three probiotics had the best removal effects on nitrite nitrogen.There was no difference in the average concentration of total phosphorus among the treatment groups while the concentration of active phosphorus in water was significantly reduced by adding PHBV and probiotics(P<0.05).The specific growth rate,survival rate and total weight of L.vannamei each treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control(P<0.05)with the effects of probiotics and PHBV were the best.In addition,probiotics and PHBV can improve the non-specific immunity of L.vannamei.In conclusions,adding suitable probiotics and PHBV in water can effectively improve the growth and the non-specific immunity of L.vannamei and its culturing water quality.Adding probiotics is better than adding PHBV only,and adding probiotics and PHBV can improve the growth performance of L.vannamei.

关 键 词：益生菌 碳源 水质 凡纳滨对虾 生长 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S968.22[农业科学—水产养殖] Q938.8[农业科学—水产科学]