莱州湾表层沉积物中重金属污染特征和生态风险评估  

Heavy Metals and Their Ecological Risk in the Surface Sediments of Laizhou Bay

作　　者：徐艳东[1,2] 高会旺 魏潇[2] 朱金龙 Xu Yandong;Gao Huiwang;Wei Xiao;Zhu Jinlong(The Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第11期74-85,共12页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省联合基金项目(U1606404,U1906215)资助。

摘　　要：根据2015年8月莱州湾30个站位的表层沉积物中7种重金属调查资料,通过单因子污染指数、重金属污染负荷指数、潜在生态风险指数及主成分分析等4种方法,分析了莱州湾重金属含量空间污染分布特征和主要来源,评估了其生态风险,确定了关键重金属污染要素,并探讨了关键污染要素的历史变化。结果表明:研究海域沉积物重金属中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd、Hg和As含量平均值分别为14.0、16.1、50.6、36.5、0.2、0.034和10.4 mg/kg,其中Cd、Hg和As的含量存在不同数量的站位高于海洋沉积物第一类质量标准值和渤海沉积物背景值及山东省土壤背景值现象。与中国近海沉积物相比,莱州湾金属含量总体处于中等水平。重金属潜在生态风险由高到低依次为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn,潜在生态风险高值区主要分布于湾的中西部、南部和东北部,其中Hg和Cd总贡献率最高。Hg、Cd和As为莱州湾表层沉积物中重金属污染的关键要素,它们的含量均高于1980年代的水平。In this research,we have surveyed concentrations of seven heavy metals in the surface sediments of Laizhou Bay at thirty sampling sites in August of 2015.Four different methods,including single factor index(SFI),heavy metal pollution load index(PLI),Hakanson′s potential ecological risk index(PERI)and principal component analysis(PCA),were employed to assess the pollution of heavy metals,their main sources and spatial patterns of potential ecological risk.The averaged concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd,Hg and As in the studied area were 14.0,16.1,50.6,36.5,0.2,0.034 and 10.4 mg·kg-1,respectively.The concentrations of Cd,Hg and As were higher than their first-class standard thresholds in Quality Standards for Marine Sediment of China(GB 18668—2002),and the background values in the sediments of the Bohai Sea and the background values in the soil of Shandong Province as well.Overall,the pollution of metals in the surface sediments of Laizhou bay was moderate compared with those in nearshore areas of China seas.The potential ecological risks of seven heavy metals descended from Hg to Zn,in the order of Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn.The high ecological risk mainly occurred in the western,southern and northeastern parts of the bay,with Hg and Cd contributing the largest proportion to the overall pollution.The concentrations of three key pollution elements,viz.Hg,Cd and As,were all higher than those in the 1980s,which were collected from literature for comparison.

关 键 词：表层沉积物 重金属 生态风险 关键污染要素 莱州湾 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学] X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]