玉米秸秆与番茄皮渣裹包混贮发酵品质及瘤胃降解特征研究  

Fermentation quality and in rumen degradability of mixed silage from maize stalk and tomato pomace in varying proportions

作　　者：付东青 贾春英[2] 连晓春[3] 张力[4] 张凡凡[1] 马春晖[1] FU Dong-qing;JIA Chun-ying;LIAN Xiao-chun;ZHANG Li;ZHANG Fan-fan;MA Chun-hui(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation,the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tumxuk 843806,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Urumqi 830063,China;Agriculture Academy of Xinjiang,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第三师畜牧兽医工作站,新疆图木舒克843806 [3]新疆生产建设兵团畜牧兽医工作总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [4]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第10期147-158,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技特派员创新创业计划项目(2019CB034);石河子大学高层次人才科研项目(RCSX2018B12);国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)资助。

摘　　要：通过化学分析和瘤胃瘘管绵羊动物模型研究南疆地区玉米秸秆与番茄皮渣裹包混贮的发酵品质和瘤胃降解特征,为南疆地区实际饲草生产和农产品废弃物高效利用提供理论基础。试验采用小型裹包机进行混合裹包发酵,共计7个混贮处理,分别为番茄皮渣∶玉米秸秆=0∶10(T_(1)处理)、3∶7(T_(2)处理)、4∶6(T_(3)处理)、5∶5(T_(4)处理)、6∶4(T_(5)处理)、7∶3(T_(6)处理)、10∶0(T_(7)处理)。对裹包开包90 d时主要发酵品质指标[干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、pH、氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)、乳酸(LA)、乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)、丁酸(BA)、NH_(3)-N/总氮(TN)]和绵羊瘤胃降解特征参数[干物质降解率(DMD)、中性洗涤纤维降解率(NDFD)、酸性洗涤纤维降解率(ADFD)、有机物降解率(OMD)及有效降解率(ED)和降解参数]进行分析。结果表明,T_(2)和T_(3)处理的混贮DM和LA含量较高。仅T_(3)处理的混贮CP、WSC和EE含量较高,NH_(3)-N/TN最低。T_(3)和T_(4)处理的混贮NDF和ADF含量较低。T_(3)、T_(4)和T_(5)处理的混贮Ash含量较高。T_(2)、T_(3)和T_(4)处理的混贮pH值较低。仅T_(2)处理的AA含量最低。T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)和T_(4)处理的混贮PA含量较低。T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)处理的混贮BA和NH_(3)-N含量较低。仅T_(4)处理的混贮ED_(NDF)最高。T_(1)和T_(7)处理的混贮ED_(ADF)最高。T_(3)和T_(7)处理的混贮ED_(OM)最高。其余指标各处理间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,将发酵品质和有效降解率中的15项核心指标进行模糊相似优先比综合评价,得到最佳裹包混贮比例为番茄皮渣和玉米秸秆质量比为4∶6,含水量为67.27%。The purpose of this study was to provide technical data to inform silage production practice and promote effective utilization of agricultural waste in Southern Xinjiang.The fermentation quality and rumen degradation characteristics of mixed silage of maize stalk and tomato pomace were evaluated by chemical analysis and using rumen fistula sheep animal models.A plastic-wrap method was used for silage fermentation and seven feed treatments were prepared as follows:treatment T_(1)=100%maize stalk;treatment T_(2)tomato pomace∶maize stalk ratio(TP∶MS)=3∶7;treatment T_(3)TP∶MS=4∶6;treatment T_(4)TP∶MS=5∶5,treatment T_(5)TP∶MS=6∶4;treatment T_(6)TP∶MS=7∶3;treatment T_(7)=100%tomato pomace.Silage fermentation quality indicators analyzed included dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),water soluble carbohydrates(WSC),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),ether extract(EE),crude ash(Ash),pH value,ammonium nitrogen(NH3-N),lactic acid(LA),acetic acid(AA),propionic acid(PA),butyric acid(BA)and NH3-N∶TN.In rumen degradability analyzed included dry matter degradability(DMD),neutral detergent fiber degradability(NDFD),acid detergent fiber degradability(ADFD),organic matter degradability(OMD),effective degradability(ED).and degradation parameters of mixed silage for 90 days.The results showed that the T_(2)and T_(3)treatments had the highest DM and LA contents,while the T_(3)treatment had the highest CP,WSC and EE contents.However,the NH3-N/TN of the T_(3)treatment was the lowest among the seven treatments.The T_(3)and T_(4)treatments had the lowest NDF and ADF contents.The T_(3),T_(4)and T_(5)treatments were highest for Ash content.The T_(2),T_(3)and T_(4)treatments had the lowest pH value.The AA content of the T_(2)treatment was lower than other treatments.The T_(1),T_(2),T_(3)and T_(4)treatments had the lowest PA content.The BA and NH3-N contents of the T_(1),T_(2)and T_(3)treatments were lower than for other treatments.The EDNDF of the T_(4)treatment,the EDADF of the T_(1)and T_(7)treatment

关 键 词：新疆南疆 玉米秸秆 番茄皮渣 发酵品质 瘤胃降解率 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]