孟德斯鸠政体理论中的古典“政治”意涵  

The Classical Implications of“Politics”in Montesquieu’s Theory of Government

作　　者：张旭 Zhang Xu

机构地区：[1]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《政治思想史》2021年第3期107-125,198,199,共21页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“国家治理理论研究”(项目编号:17JJD810001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：孟德斯鸠的分权理论在现代政治实践中影响深远,这使得他被理所当然地归入现代政治思想最早的奠基者行列。许多学者更是认定他所阐述的是一套现代自由主义的理论。事实上,孟德斯鸠政体理论彰显了古典的“政治”意涵。这体现在他像古典思想家一样以共同体的整全性视角来看待政体,他所坚持的分权是在共同体内部多元力量的对立与平衡这一“政治”过程中实现的,以及他继承了古典的立法者传统。由此,孟德斯鸠政治思想的复杂性以及古典政治思想对于现代政治思考的启发性值得注意。Montesquieu’s theory of the separation of powers has far-reaching influences in modern political practices,which makes him to be considered as one of the earliest founders of modern political thought.Many scholars thus believe that Montesquieu has laid out a set of modern liberal theory.In fact,Montesquieu’s theory of government actually manifests classical political implications.Just like the classical thinkers,Montesquieu views government from a holistic perspective of community.He insists that the separation of powers is realized in a political process of the confronta­tion and balance of multiple forces within the community.Furthermore,he inherits the classical tradition of the legislator.Therefore,the complexity of Montesquieu’s political thought,as well as the wisdom that can be learned from the classical tradi­tion,should be duly noted.

关 键 词：孟德斯鸠 政体理论 分权思想 《论法的精神》 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学]