山西省2010—2019年学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析  

Epidemic characteristics of public health emergencies in schools in Shanxi Province,2010-2019

作　　者：张夏虹 雷立健[1] 左素俊[2] 桑志宏[2] 张正[2] 任雯[2] ZHANG Xia-hong;LEI Li-jian;ZUO Su-jun;SANG Zhi-hong;ZHANG Zheng;REN Wen(School of Public Health,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030001,China;Shanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030012,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西太原030001 [2]山西省疾病预防控制中心,山西太原030012

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第10期1209-1212,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解山西省2010—2019年学校突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,探讨具有针对性的有效预防控制措施。方法采用横断面研究方法,利用"突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统"对2010—2019年山西省报告的学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征进行描述,并对不同学校突发公共卫生事件罹患率进行比较分析。结果2010—2019年山西省报告学校突发公共卫生事件243起,其中未分级事件占72.02%(175/243)。事件主要类型为传染病疫情,占所有突发公共卫生事件的88.89%(216/243),其中居前三位的病种为水痘、流行性腮腺炎和手足口病。事件报告高峰期为3—6月及10—12月。事件报告的主要场所为小学和托幼机构,分别占事件总数的58.02%(141/243)和20.99%(51/243)。城市学校报告事件数高于县镇、农村同类型学校,而罹患率低于县镇、农村同类型学校(托幼机构χ^(2)=50.216,P<0.001;小学χ^(2)=420.184,P<0.001;初中χ^(2)=279.929,P<0.001;高中χ^(2)=47.532,P<0.001)。结论春季、秋季开学后一个月将进入学校突发公共卫生事件的流行高峰,应重点防控农村小学和幼托机构的传染病疫情。Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of school public health emergencies in Shanxi Province from 2010 to 2019,and to explore the targeted effective prevention and control measures.Methods Using cross-sectional study methods,we described the epidemic features of school public health emergencies reported in Shanxi Province from 2010 to 2019 and obtained through the National Public Health Emergency Reporting and Management Information System.The attack rates of public health emergencies among different schools were compared and analyzed.Results From 2010 to 2019,243 school public health emergencies were reported in Shanxi Province,of which the unclassified incidents accounted for 72.02%(175/243).The main types of the incidents were infectious diseases,accounting for 88.89%of the total school public health emergencies(216/243),and the top three diseases were chicken pox,mumps and hand,foot and mouth disease.The peak incident reporting periods were March-June and October-December.The incidents mainly occurred in primary schools and kindergartens,accounting for 58.02%(141/243)and 20.99%(51/243)of the total school public health emergencies,respectively.The number of public health emergencies in urban schools was higher than that of similar schools in counties,towns and rural areas,but the attack rate in urban schools was lower than that of similar schools in counties,towns and rural areas(kindergartensχ^(2)=50.216,P<0.001;primary schoolsχ^(2)=420.184,P<0.001;junior middle schoolsχ^(2)=279.929,P<0.001;senior middle schoolsχ^(2)=47.532,P<0.001).Conclusion One month after the beginning of spring and autumn semesters was the epidemic peak of public health emergencies.It is necessary to strengthen infectious disease prevention and control in rural primary schools and kindergartens.

关 键 词：学校 突发公共卫生事件 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]