4QJ-3型青贮燕麦捡拾割台的研制  

Design of 4QJ-3 type pickup header of silage oat

作　　者：梁荣庆[1,2] 钟波 蒙贺伟 孙志民[2] 坎杂 LIANG Rong-qing;ZHONG Bo;MENG He-wei;SUN Zhi-min;KAN Za(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学机械电气工程学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]山东省农业机械科学研究院,济南250100 [3]农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（工学版）》2021年第5期1887-1896,共10页Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition

基　　金：三师肉羊饲养机械化科技特派员创新创业示范项目(2016CA002);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37).

摘　　要：为解决刈杀晾晒后燕麦的捡拾收获问题,研究设计了一种具有捡拾、切碎及揉搓等功能的青贮燕麦捡拾割台,并同时开展了田间试验。田间试验表明:样机前进速度为2.7~6.8km/h时,样机漏捡率为0.6%~1.1%,物料切断长度为20~36 mm,揉搓率均>93%,纯工作小时生产率为0.6~1.49 hm2/h,各性能指标均与设计值吻合较好。试验过程中整机前进速度较高及连续运行时间过长时,存在切碎刀具磨损严重、液压系统过热及零部件损坏等问题,后期需进一步对整机及关键零部件进行优化改进,并对样机进行田间试验,提高整机作业效率及可靠性。Combined with the present status of silage demand in China and the problems of low mechanization level,poor adaptability and versatility,complicated operation process,high labor intensity as well as high cost in oat gathering,giving full consideration to the application of the silage oat collecting equipment and the status quo of its development,the 4QJ-3 silage oat collecting and cutting header was developed. At the same time,the core components such as the picking and conveying mechanism,the forced feeding mechanism and the structure of chopping and kneading were designed,and the field performance test was carried out. With the combination of the throwing blade of spiral protrusion and kneading board,the material can be kneaded and thrown effectively. The results of field trials showed that the prototype and its components work well. When the tractor’s forward speed is 2.7~6.8 km/h,the missing piking rate of the prototype is 0.6%~1.1%,the material cutting length is 20~36 mm,the kneading rate is more than 93%,and the pure working hour productivity is 0.60~1.49 hm2/h. Though all the performance indexes are in good agreement with the design values,but there are still many problems in the prototype when the forward speed is high and the continuous operation time is too long. In the later stage,it is necessary to optimize and improve the machine and key parts,and conduct field test to improve the operation efficiency and reliability of the machine. The development of the prototype can lay a theoretical foundation for the research and development of other types of silage harvester.

关 键 词：农业机械化工程 燕麦 捡拾割台 弹齿滚筒 夹持喂入 切碎揉搓 

分 类 号：S225.8[农业科学—农业机械化工程]