论动产善意取得的交付要件  

Research on the Delivery Requirement of Bona Fide Acquisition of Movables

作　　者：李培根 LI Pei-gen(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100080

出　　处：《齐齐哈尔大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第10期96-99,109,共5页Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：作为通说的权利外观理论的解释力不能涵盖善意取得制度的三个法定要件,仅仅是对“善意”这一个要件的经济学意义的粗糙描述。从经济分析的视角考察,善意取得的三个法定要件各自具有独立的规范内涵。“善意”要件是法律为了追求所有权人的监督成本和买受人的调查成本之和的最小化而为买受人设定的某一水平的注意义务。“合理的价格”要件是法律为了保证资源的有效配置。“交付”要件是法律为了一般性地降低交易外第三人调查标的物所有权归属的调查成本。对于一般动产善意取得中的交付方式是否包括占有改定,我国法律没有明确规定,司法实践不统一,学者莫衷一是。“肯定说”、“出让人彻底丧失占有说”、“取得占有说”、“自甘风险说”等正反双方的各种观点都缺乏实质说服力。从“交付”要件的独立规范目的出发,对《民法典》第311条第1款第3项中的“交付”应当进行限缩解释,不包括占有改定这种交付方式。The well-accepted Rechtsschein Theorie cannot explain the three statutory requirements of the bona fide acquisition regime well.It is only a rough description of the economic significance of the“good faith”requirement.From the perspective of economic analysis,the three statutory requirements of bona fide acquisition have their independent normative purposes.The"good faith"requirement is a certain level of duty of care of the buyer set by the law in order to minimize the sum of the owner's supervision cost and the buyer's investigation cost.The"reasonable price"requirement is to ensure the effective allocation of resources.The"delivery"requirement is to generally reduce the investigation cost of the owner of the object for the benefit of the third party outside the transaction.There is no clear stipulation in Chinese law as to whether the constitutum possessorium satisfies the delivery requirement in bona fide acquisition of movables.The judicial practice is not uniform,and scholars have different opinions as well.The pros and cons,such as the"affirmation theory","the transferor's complete loss of possession theory","acquisition of possession theory"and"voluntary assumption of risk theory",both lack substantive persuasiveness.The answer should be based on the independent normative purpose of the"delivery"requirement.The“delivery”in item 3,paragraph 1,Article 311 of the Civil Code needs to be interpreted in a restrictive way,excluding the constitutum possessorium as a delivery method.

关 键 词：动产善意取得 权利外观理论 经济分析 占有改定 调查成本 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]