舟山渔场大小鱼山附近海域鱼类群落结构及生物多样性  

Fish Community Structure and Diversity in the Zhoushan Fishing Ground Sea Near Daxiao Yushan

作　　者：唐嘉威 于南京 郑基 许永久 俞存根 TANG Jia-wei;YU Nan-jing;ZHENG Ji(School of Fisheries of Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第3期209-217,233,共10页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31270527);浙江省舟山海洋生态环境监测站委托项目(大小鱼山附近海域渔业资源调查-2019)。

摘　　要：根据2019年春季和秋季在舟山渔场大小鱼山附近海域开展的渔业资源调查获得的鱼类资料,研究了该海域的鱼类种类组成、优势种、数量空间分布、生物多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明:(1)调查海域共获得并鉴定出鱼类33种,隶属于8目15科26属;(2)鱼类种类数以10~15 m水深区为较多;春秋季鱼类重量平均密度分别为10.86 kg·km-2和40.68 kg·km-2,尾数平均密度分别为2.96×103 ind·km-2和9.18×103 ind·km-2,春季重量密度较高的站位主要分布在调查海域西北部,秋季重量密度较高的站位主要分布在近岛屿侧海域;(3)春季优势种为凤鲚,秋季优势种为龙头鱼,优势种出现季节更替;(4)春季鱼类多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J')、丰富度指数(d)均高于秋季;(5)CLUSTER分析和NMDS分析显示,春秋季分别可分为3、4个群组。SIMPER分析显示,2个季节物种相似性贡献率最高的鱼类特征种分别为凤鲚和龙头鱼,物种相异性贡献率最高的鱼类分歧种是孔虾虎鱼。ANOSIM检验显示,春秋季鱼类群落组成具有极显著差异;(6)ABC曲线表明,大小鱼山附近海域鱼类春季处于未受干扰状态,秋季处于严重干扰状态。Based on the fish data obtained from the survey of fishery resources in the sea area near Zhoushan fishing ground in spring and autumn of 2019,the community structure characteristics of fish species composition,dominant species,quantitative spatial distribution and biodiversity in the sea area were studied.The results showed that:(1)33 species of fish were obtained and identified,belonging to 8 orders,15 families,26 genera.(2)The number of fish species is more in the water depth of 10-15 m.The average density of fish weight in spring and autumn were 10.86 kg·km-2 and 40.68 kg·km-2,respectively.The average density of tail number were 2.96×103 ind·km-2 and 9.18×103 ind·km-2,respectively.The stations with higher weight density in spring were mainly distributed in the northwest of the survey area,and the stations with higher weight density in autumn were mainly distributed in the near-island waters.(3)Coilia mystus was the dominant species in spring,Harpodon nehereus was the dominant species in autumn,and the dominant species appeared seasonal alternation.(4)Fish diversity index(H'),evenness index(J')and richness index(d)in spring were higher than those in autumn.(5)CLUSTER analysis and NMDS analysis showed that spring and autumn could be divided into 3 and 4 groups,respectively.SIMPER analysis showed that the fish characteristic species with the highest contribution rate of species similarity in the two seasons were C.mystus and H.nehereus,respectively.The fish divergence species with the highest contribution rate of species heterogeneity were Trpauchen vagina.ANOSIM test showed that there were significant differences in fish community composition in spring and autumn.(6)The ABC curve showed that the fish in the sea area near the big and small fish mountains were not disturbed in spring and seriously disturbed in autumn.

关 键 词：鱼类 群落结构 多样性 舟山渔场 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]