体育活动干预对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质影响Meta分析  

Meta analysis of the effect of physical activity intervention on physical fitness in Chinese children aged 3-6 years

作　　者：高唯真 王欢[1] GAO Weizhen;WANG Huan(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing,100061,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2021年第9期1311-1317,1322,共8页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家体育总局体育科学研究所基本科研业务费资助项目基本(21-01)。

摘　　要：目的系统量化评价1992—2020年有组织的体育活动对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质的影响,为开展精准有效的干预实践、进一步提高幼儿身体素质提供方法参考。方法检索中国知网、万方数字资源、维普数据库、EBSCO运动数据库、Web of Science数据库,根据纳入与排除标准收集有关体育活动对中国3~6岁幼儿身体素质影响的随机对照实验。中文检索词包括:(幼儿OR学龄前儿童OR学前儿童)AND(身体素质OR体质)AND(干预实验OR干预研究OR随机对照实验)等,英文检索词包括:(preschool OR kindergarten OR young children OR nursery)AND(physical fitness)AND(randomized controlled trial)AND(Chinese OR China)等。结果共纳入23项研究2386名幼儿。Meta分析结果显示,体育活动对于幼儿立定跳远(SMD=0.61,95%CI=0.46~0.76)、坐位体前屈(SMD=0.53,95%CI=0.36~0.70)、10 m折返跑(SMD=-0.84,95%CI=-1.08~-0.61)、双脚连续跳(SMD=-0.74,95%CI=-0.90~-0.58)、走平衡木(SMD=-0.54,95%CI=-0.70~-0.39)的成绩有中到高度的影响,而对网球掷远(SMD=0.39,95%CI=0.26~0.51)成绩影响较低。结论定期开展有针对性的体育活动能显著提高幼儿的身体素质,不同类型指标所反映的身体素质受体育活动内容、干预时长、锻炼频率、年龄等因素制约而影响不同。Objective To systematically review the efficacy of organized physical activity intervention from 1992 to 2020 on physical fitness of young children aged 3-6 in China.Methods Studies were searched in databases of CNKI,Wan Fang,VIP,EBSCO Sports and Web of Science.The randomized controlled trials of physical fitness of young children aged 3-6 in China were selected by using Chinese and English keywords:(preschool OR kindergarten OR young children OR nursery)AND(physical fitness)AND(randomized controlled trial)AND(Chinese OR China).Results Twenty-three studies were included,involving 2386 young children.Meta-analysis showed that physical activity had a moderate-to-high effect on young children’s standing long jump(SMD=0.61,95%CI=0.46-0.76),sit and reach(SMD=0.53,95%CI=0.36-0.70),10-meter shuttle run(SMD=-0.84,95%CI=-1.08--0.61),continuous jumping on two feet(SMD=-0.74,95%CI=-0.90--0.58),and walking the balance beam(SMD=-0.54,95%CI=-0.70--0.39).On the other hand,physical activity had a small effect on young children’s throwing ball(SMD=0.39,95%CI=0.26-0.51).Conclusion Physical activity intervention shows significant effects on physical fitness of young children in China.Effecs on physical fitness indicated by different types of indicators depends on physical activity content,duration,frequency,child age and other factors.

关 键 词：运动活动 身体素质 META分析 儿童 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练] G613.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]