南宁市2015—2019年重点职业病监测结果分析  

Analysis of surveillance results of key occupational diseases in Nanning City, 2015-2019

作　　者：罗娜 雷程远[1] 蒋碧玲[1] 黄荣峥[1] 万春灵 陈婷 LUO Na;LEI Cheng-yuan;JIANG Bi-ling;HUANG Rong-zheng;WAN Chun-ling;Chen Ting(Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,Gucingxi 530023,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]南宁市疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530023 [2]广西医科大学公共卫生学院,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2021年第3期351-355,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广西科技厅自然科学基金课题(0991224);广西卫生健康委自筹经费课题(Z20211337)。

摘　　要：目的分析南宁市重点职业病监测结果分布特征。方法采用判断抽样方法,收集南宁市2015—2019年重点职业病监测数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果南宁市5年共报告重点职业病38例,以职业性尘肺病和职业性噪声聋为主。重点职业病危害因素接触人群的职业健康检查率为40.06%,呈随着年份增加而增加的趋势(P<0.01)。职业性尘肺病的检出率高于职业性噪声聋(0.19%vs 0.01%,P<0.01),但噪声作业人群职业健康专项检查异常检出率高于粉尘作业人群(10.98%vs 0.35%,P<0.01)。粉尘作业人群尘肺病样改变检出率以私营企业最高(P<0.01)。噪声作业人群双耳高频平均听阈≥40 dB的异常检出率以小微企业和私营企业最高(P值均<0.01)。铅作业人群血铅水平>400μg/L的异常检出率为24.75%, 98.80%异常人员集中在中型外资企业。苯作业人员白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板计数的异常检出率依次为1.17%、3.21%和0.26%。结论南宁市重点职业病危害因素中,粉尘和噪声接触人数较多,造成的危害后果严重;但铅和苯的危害也不容忽视。应重点加强对中小微型企业和私营企业的重点职业病监督管理工作。Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of surveillance results of key occupational diseases in Nanning City.Methods The occupational health monitoring data of key occupational diseases of Nanning City from 2015 to 2019 were collected using judgment sampling method and analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method. Results A total of 38 cases of key occupational diseases were reported in Nanning City during the past 5 years.The main diseases were occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational noise-induced deafness(ONID). The rate of occupational health examination was 40.06%, showing an increasing trend with the increase of years(P<0.01). The detection rate of occupational pneumoconiosis was higher than that of ONID(0.19% vs 0.01%, P<0.01). However, the abnormal detection rate of occupational health special examination in noise-exposed workers was higher than that in dust-exposed workers(10.98% vs 0.35%, P<0.01). The detection rate of pneumoconiosis-like changes in dust-exposed workers was the highest in private enterprises(P<0.01). The detection rate of binaural high frequency average hearing threshold ≥40 dB was highest in small and micro enterprises and private enterprises(all P<0.01). The detection rate of blood lead level >400 μg/L was 24.75%, and 98.80% of the abnormal workers were concentrated in medium-sized foreign-funded enterprises. The detection rates of abnormal leukocyte, neutrophil and platelet counts in benzene-exposed workers were 1.17%, 3.21% and 0.26% respectively. Conclusion Among the key occupational disease risk factors in Nanning City, the number of workers exposed to dust and noise is relatively high, which results in serious consequences and harm. But the hazards of lead and benzene cannot be ignored. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening the supervision and management of key occupational diseases in small and medium-sized micro-enterprises and private enterprises.

关 键 词：职业病 职业病危害 职业健康监测 分布特征 粉尘 噪声 铅 苯 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]