某民用金属船舶制造企业粉尘作业工人防尘面具使用技能调查  

Investigation on skills of using dust mask in dust-exposed workers of civil metal ship manufacturing enterprises

作　　者：李荣宗[1] 徐绮庆 温翠菊[1] 谭强 苏世标[1] LI Rong-zong;XU Qi-qing;WEN Cui-ju;TAN Qiang;SU Shi-biao(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]南方医科大学口腔医院,广东佛山528000 [3]佛山市职业病防治所,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2021年第3期356-360,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2017067);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152);2020年国家标准制修订计划项目(20202712-T-450)。

摘　　要：目的分析民用金属船舶制造企业粉尘作业工人的防尘面具使用技能。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择某民用金属船舶制造企业123名粉尘作业工人为研究对象;采用《防尘面具使用与维护调查表》调查其防尘面具使用情况,采用密合度测试仪测试其使用防尘面具时的密合度。结果研究对象防尘面具使用时间中位数(M)和第0~100百分位数(P0~P100)为3.0(1.0~3.0)个月,滤棉使用时间M(P0~P100)为1.0(0.5~2.0)个工作日。研究对象在新面具使用后均未对其进行消毒;仅有36.6%(45/123)的工人在使用过程中定期清洗防尘面具。62.6%(77/123)的工人未正确自行实施负压气密性检查。112名工人接受密合度测试,密合度测试一次性通过者合格率为62.5%(70/112),70名合格人员适合因子(FF)的M和第25、75百分位数(P25,P75)为835.0(503.0,1 635.0);密合度测试复测后总体合格率为66.1%(74/112),74名合格人员FF的M(P25,P75)为786.0(477.7,1 532.2)。密合度测试不合格原因为面具与面部尺寸不匹配、佩戴方式错误和胡须太长。结论民用金属船舶制造企业粉尘作业工人防尘面具使用技能存在缺陷。应加强防尘面具的配置和使用维护培训,定期开展密合度测试,以提高工人的防尘面具使用技能。Objective To analyze the skills of using dust mask in the dust-exposed workers in civil metal ship manufacturing enterprises. Methods A total of 123 dust-exposed workers in a civil metal ship manufacturing enterprise were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method. Dust Mask Using Situation and Maintenance Questionnaire was used to investigate the use of dust masks, and the tightness of using dust mask was measured by the tightness tester. Results The median, and the 0 th-100 th percentiles[M(P0-P100)] of the dust mask use time in the workers was 3.0(1.0-3.0) months, and the M(P0-P100) of filter element use time was 1.0(0.5-2.0) workdays. The subjects did not disinfect the masks after use. Only 36.6%(45/123) of workers regularly cleaned dust masks during use. There was 62.6%(77/123) of workers who failed to correctly perform negative pressure air tightness check by themselves. A total of 112 workers carried out tightness test, and the pass rate of those who passed the tightness test for the first time was 62.5%(70/112). The median, and the 25 th and 75 th percentiles [M(P25, P75)] of fit factor(FF) in the 70 qualified workers was 835.0(503.0, 1 635.0). After retests, the overall tightness test pass rate was 66.1%(74/112), and the M(P25, P75) of FF in the 74 qualified workers was 786.0(477.7, 1 532.2). The reasons for failure of tightness test were the mismatch of the mask and face size, wrong wearing methods and long beard. Conclusion Some of the dust-exposed workers in the civil metal ship manufacturing enterprises did not use the dust mask correctly. The dust mask configuration and the use and maintenance training should be strengthened, and the tightness test should be carried out regularly to improve workers′ skills in using dust masks.

关 键 词：造船厂 粉尘 作业工人 防尘面具 技能 调查 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]