儒学复兴与北宋前期文道观的嬗变  

The Revival of Confucianism and the Change of Literary Works’Argumentation in the Early Northern Song Dynasty

作　　者：王福元[1,2] Wang Fuyuan

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学文学院 [2]贵州师范大学文学·教育与文化传播研究中心,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2021年第5期100-114,158,共16页Journal of Chinese Culture

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“后期西昆派与宋代诗文革新关系研究”(项目编号:19XZW012)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在儒学复兴的背景下,北宋前期的文道观经历了从重道到重文,重回重道而最终走向文道并重的演变过程,西昆派在这一过程中发挥了重要作用。宋初柳开等人为纠正五代浮靡文风而主张重道,使文成为了道的附庸;西昆派前期作家杨亿等为纠正这种弊端,又提出"雕章丽句,脍炙人口"的主张,强调文辞的重要性,竖起了重文的大旗。西昆派的主张遭到了石介等道统派的反击,重道思想复兴,但石介鼓吹的太学体却将古文导向了怪奇方向。西昆派后期作家面对石介的攻击,坚持文学创作,主张华实并重,延续了重文思想。欧阳修吸收了道统派和西昆派的观念,主张文道并重,并对道进行了新的阐释,从而修复了文道关系,同时也促成了道学家与文学家的分离。With the background of revival of Confucianism,the viewpoint of literary works’argumentation in the early Northern Song Dynasty underwent the transformation from stressing on the argumentation to the writing,then turned back,and finally to their combination.Xikun School played a certain role in such a process.In the early Song Dynasty,in order to correct luxury and superficial writing style in the Five Dynasties,Liu Kai et al.advocated to focus on the argumentation so that literary works became subordinate to the argumentation.To rectify such mispractice,Yang Yi and other early authors of Xikun School proposed to"write flowery and popular works",stressed the importance of diction,and upheld the focus on literary works.However,Shi Jie and others pursuing Confucian Orthodoxy objected to such statements and instead proposed to focus on revival of Confucian thoughts.The Imperial College’s writing style boasted by Shi Jie resulted in a strange development direction of ancient Chinese prose.The later authors of Xikun School continued the thought of focus on literary works,by attacking Shi Jie’s arguments,insisting on literary creation and advocating equal emphasis on magnificent and practical writings.Ouyang Xiu adopted the ideas of both Confucian Orthodoxy and Xikun School,advocated to pay equal attention to literary works’writing and the argumentation,and explained the argumentation in a brand-new way,fixing the relationship between literary works and the argumentation and facilitating the separation of the traditional Confucians from litterateurs.

关 键 词：北宋 儒学 文道观 西昆派 

分 类 号：I209[文学—中国文学]