氮肥运筹与化学调控对湘南超级杂交早稻茎蘖利用特征和产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Management and Chemical Regulation on Tiller Utilization Characteristics and Grain Yield of Super Early Hybrid Rice in Southern Hunan

作　　者：袁帅 苏雨婷 王晓玉[1] 陈平平[1] 易镇邪[1] YUAN Shuai;SU Yu-ting;WANG Xiao-yu;CHEN Ping-ping;YI Zhen-xie(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/South Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2021年第5期79-88,共10页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”重点专项(2017YFD0301501,2018YFD0301005)。

摘　　要：为明确湘南超级杂交早稻适宜氮肥运筹方式与化学调控措施,以超级杂交早稻品种株两优819和陆两优996为材料,于2019—2020年在湖南衡阳县开展大田试验,研究了不同氮肥运筹方式(分蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥用量比,N1、N2、N3分别为7∶2∶1、6∶3∶1、5∶4∶1)与化学调控剂(H1、H2分别为多效唑、壳寡糖)对早稻茎蘖利用特征和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)氮肥运筹和化学调控对早稻产量影响显著,2个品种均以N2H2处理产量最高,但其对产量构成因素的影响存在品种间、年际间差异;(2)氮肥运筹方式中,N1处理茎蘖数最多,但N2处理分蘖成穗率较高,有效穗数最多;(3)多效唑与壳寡糖均能促进水稻分蘖,且以多效唑处理效果较好,但成穗率与有效穗数以壳寡糖处理较高;(4)从互作效应来看,N1H1处理促进分蘖效果最好,而N2H2对提高成穗率的效果最好;(5)相关分析表明,氮肥运筹方式与化学调控主要通过提高有效穗数和穗粒数来提高产量。综上,在分蘖肥、穗肥、粒肥比例为6∶3∶1条件下,于拔节初期喷施壳寡糖处理可获得最高产量,其原因在于促进水稻分蘖的同时提高了分蘖成穗率和有效穗数。To clarify the suitable nitrogen managing methods and chemical regulation measures for super early hybrid rice in southern Hunan, using the super early hybrid rice varieties Zhuliangyou 819 and Luliangyou 996 as the materials, the field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen managing methods(dosage ratio of tiller fertilizer : panicle fertilizer : grain fertilizer;N1 of 7∶2∶1, N2 of 6∶3∶1 and N3 of 5∶4∶1) and chemical regulators(H1, paclobutrazol;H2, chitooligosaccharide) on tiller utilization characteristics and grain yield of early rice at Hengyang County of Hunan Province in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that:(1) nitrogen management and chemical regulation had significant effects on early rice yield, and N2 H2 had the highest yield for two varieties, but the effects on yield components varied with variety and year;(2) among the nitrogen managing methods, N1 had the highest number of tillers, but N2 had a higher ear-bearing tiller rate and the highest number of effective panicles;(3) paclobutrazol and chitooligosaccharide could promote tillering and paclobutrazol had a better effect, but chitooligosaccharide had a higher ear-bearing tiller rate and number of effective panicles;(4) from the aspect of the interactive effect, N1 H1 had the best effect on promoting tillering while N2 H2 had the best effect on improving ear-bearing tiller rate;(5) correlation analysis showed that nitrogen management and chemical regulation increased yield by raising the number of effective panicles and spikelets per panicle. In conclusion, under the conditions of the ratio of tiller fertilizer : panicle fertilizer : grain fertilizer at 6∶3∶1, spraying chitooligosaccharide at the beginning of jointing stage can achieve the highest yield, resulting from both promotion of tillering and increase of ear-bearing tiller rate for a higher number of effective panicles.

关 键 词：杂交早稻 氮肥运筹 化学调控 分蘖 有效穗 产量 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311