不同施氮比例对宜香优2115产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Proportions of Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Quality of Yixiangyou 2115

作　　者：黄佑岗 罗德强[1] 江学海[1] 李敏[1] 李立江[1] 姬广梅[1] 李树杏[1] 徐娅 HUANG You-gang;LUO De-qiang;JIANG Xue-hai;LI Min;LI Li-jiang;JI Guang-mei;LI Shu-xing;XU Ya(Rice Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院水稻研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2021年第5期94-99,共6页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300100);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合[2018]2342号);黔农科院种质资源[2021]12号;贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2298号);贵州省农业动植物育种项目(黔农育专字[2018]018号)。

摘　　要：为研究不同施氮比例对杂交籼稻宜香优2115产量和品质的影响,2017和2018年在施氮(纯氮)总量180 kg/hm2条件下,设置了3种基蘖肥与穗肥的施氮比例(N5-5、N6-4和N7-3)的试验。结果表明,当基蘖肥∶穗肥为5∶5(N5-5处理)时可获得最高产量,平均产量达9 413.42 kg/hm2,较N6-4、N7-3处理分别增加了3.39%、9.49%。施氮比例主要显著影响有效穗数,N5-5处理的有效穗数最高。随着氮肥的后移,水稻氮肥利用率逐渐升高,表现为N5-5>N6-4>N7-3。不同施氮比例对稻米精米率和整精米率影响虽不显著,但以N5-5处理的精米率与整精米率最高;对稻米垩白粒率和垩白度有较大影响,N6-4处理的垩白粒率显著低于N5-5和N7-3,而N5-5和N6-4处理的垩白度显著低于N7-3;对蛋白质和直链淀粉含量的影响不显著。综上,在施氮量为180 kg/hm2条件下,基蘖肥与穗肥比例为5∶5时,宜香优2115的产量、氮肥利用率、精米率和整精米率最高,垩白较小,且保持较好营养品质,能同步实现高产和优质。To study the effects of different proportions of nitrogen application on grain yield and quality of indica hybrid rice Yixiangyou 2115, a field experiment was conducted with three proportions of basal-tillering N fertilization to panicle N fertilization(N5-5, N6-4 and N7-3) on the basis of a total N application rate of 180 kg/hm2 in 2017 and 2018. The results showed that the yield of N5-5(a proportion of basal-tillering N fertilization to panicle N fertilization at 5∶5) had the highest yield, with an average yield of 9 413.42 kg/hm2, 3.39% and 9.49% higher than that of N6-4(a proportion of basal-tillering N fertilization to panicle N fertilization at 6∶4) and N7-3(a proportion of basal-tillering N fertilization to panicle N fertilization at 7∶3), respectively. The nitrogen application proportion mainly affected the number of effective panicles, and the number of effective panicles of N5-5 was the highest among all three proportions of nitrogen application. With more of the nitrogen fertilizer delayed to apply at the late stage, the nitrogen use efficiency of rice increased gradually with a trend of N5-5>N6-4>N7-3. Although the nitrogen application proportion had not a significant effect on milled rice rate and head milled rice rate, N5-5 was the highest in milled rice rate and head milled rice rate. The nitrogen application proportion had a significant effect on chalky rice rate and chalkiness degree, the chalky rice rate of N6-4 was significantly lower than that of N5-5 and N7-3, and the chalkiness degree of N5-5 and N6-4 were significantly lower than that of N7-3. There was not a significant effect on protein content and amylose content in different nitrogen application proportions. In conclusion, under the conditions of a total nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2, when the proportion of basal-tillering N fertilization to panicle N fertilization was at 5∶5, Yixiangyou 2115 had the highest grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, milled rice rate and head milled rice rate, relatively lower chalkiness, a

关 键 词：杂交籼稻 施氮比例 氮肥利用率 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学] S311