近50年来天鹅湖沙坝海岸地貌演变  

Coastal Geomorphic Evolution of Swan Lake Barrier During the Past 50 Years

作　　者：孙阳 SUN Yang(Rongcheng Swan National Nature Reserve Management Service Center,Weihai 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]荣成大天鹅国家级自然保护区管理服务中心,山东威海264200

出　　处：《鲁东大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第4期366-373,共8页Journal of Ludong University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：荣成天鹅湖是典型完整的天然沙坝—潟湖体系,近年来在人类活动及自然因素影响下,沙坝—潟湖动力地貌体系发生重大变化。本文在野外考察的基础上,以不同时期成像的遥感影像为数据源,综合使用数字岸线分析、遥感、地理信息系统等方法,对近50年来荣成天鹅湖沙坝—潟湖海岸地貌演变进行研究。研究结果表明:1975—2021年,天鹅湖沙坝坝体剧烈侵蚀且位置变化显著,坝尾处侵蚀后退距离达112.53 m;沙坝先侧蚀变窄,后切蚀变短;潮汐通道逐年展宽,2005—2015年,潮汐通道的平均展宽速率高达14.00 m·a^(-1),2015—2021年坝体剧烈变窄,尾端内弯显著,但长度变化不明显。沙坝宽度与长度的变化主要受1979年潮汐通道内建闸和2015年3座丁坝建设的时空耦合作用。上述人类活动改变了沙坝尾端和潮汐通道的地貌冲淤动态平衡,是沙坝尾端严重蚀退的主要原因。Swan Lake is the typical and complete natural barrier-lagoon system.In recent years,under the influence of human activities and natural factors,the barrier-lagoon dynamic geomorphology system has undergone major changes.Based on field investigations,remote sensing images in different periods were used as data sources.Comprehensive use of digital shoreline analysis system,remote sensing,geographic information system and other methods had been used to study the evolution of the coastal geomorphology of the barrier-lagoon of Rongcheng Swan Lake in the past 50 years.The results show that from 1975 to 2021,the barrier body of the Swan Lake barrier has been eroded violently and its position has changed significantly,and the erosion retreat distance of the barrier's tail reaches 112.53 m.The first side alteration of the barrier becomes narrower,and the later cutting alteration becomes shorter.The tidal channel widens year by year.From 2005 to 2015,the average widening rate of the tidal channel was as high as 14.00 m·a^(-1).From 2015 to 2021,the barrier body narrowed drastically,and the tail end was bent significantly,but the length change was not obvious.The changes in the width and length of the barrier are mainly due to the temporal and spatial coupling of the built-in gate of the tidal inlet in 1979 and the construction of three spur barriers in 2015.The above-mentioned human activities have changed the dynamic balance of erosion and deposition at the end of the barrier and the tidal channel,which is the main reason for the serious erosion of the end of the barrier.

关 键 词：沙坝 潮汐通道 海岸地貌 天鹅湖 

分 类 号：P737.17[天文地球—海洋地质]