望谟地区澳洲坚果花粉生活力和开花生物学特性  

Pollen Viability and Flowering Biological Characteristics of Macadamia in Wangmo Area

作　　者：罗立娜 韩树全 卢加举 周玉飞 王晓敏[1] 贺尔齐 王功金 吴金培 Luo Lina;Han Shuquan;Lu Jiaju;Zhou Yufei;Wang Xiaomin;He Erqi;Wang Gongjin;Wu Jin-pei(Institute of Subtropical Crops,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xingyi,562400;Wangmo Leyuan Panjiang Ecological Agriculture Comprehensive Development Co.,Ltd.,Wangmo,562400;Guizhou south Asia hot Farming Development Co.,Ltd.,Xingyi,562400)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院亚热带作物研究所,兴义562400 [2]望谟县乐元盘江生态农业综合开发有限公司,望谟562400 [3]贵州南亚热作农业发展有限公司,兴义562400

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2021年第18期6184-6190,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑2019-2273);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合成果2020-1Y047);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑2020-4Y011)共同资助。

摘　　要：以‘Kau(344)’、‘Pahaha(788)’、‘H2’、‘桂热1号’4个不同澳洲坚果品种为材料,分析花粉生活力和开花生物学特性。澳洲坚果的花粉粒呈现三角形或近三角形,形态观测法显示‘344’花粉生活力最强,联苯胺染色法显示‘H2’花粉生活力最大为90.35%,综合来看,利用联苯胺染色法澳洲坚果的花粉生活力最强,是一种比较适合测定澳洲坚果花粉生活力的方法。澳洲坚果开花期集中在3月上旬至4月中旬,变异系数由大到小依次是:初花期>花期长度>末花期>盛花期>坐果期。在所观测的澳洲坚果品种中,‘H2’小花开放顺序是由花序轴中部向两端依次开放,而‘788’‘、344’‘、桂热1号’均是自花序轴基部向顶端依次开放。‘H2’、‘桂热1号’的小花颜色是白色,‘344’、‘788’小花颜色是乳白色,4个澳洲坚果品种均存在不同批次开花现象。澳洲坚果的花序长度变化范围在17.90~20.63 cm之间,小花长度在12.33~13.27 mm之间,花柄长度在2.70~2.90 mm之间,单个花穗小花数在191~227朵之间。掌握开花生物学规律对指导实际生产、合理配置品种及杂交育种等方面具有重要参考意义。The pollen viability and flowering biological characteristics were analyzed by using four different Macadamia varieties,namely,’Kau(344)’,’Pahaha(788)’,’H2’,’Guire No.1’.The pollen grains of Macadamia are triangular or near triangle.Morphological observation shows that’344’pollen has the strongest viability,while the maximum vitality of’H2’pollen is 90.35%by benzidine staining.In a word,the method of benzidine staining is the most effective method for the pollen viability of Macadamia,which is a more suitable method for the determination of pollen viability of macadamia nuts.The flowering period of macadamia nuts was mainly from early March to mid April,and the coefficient of variation was from big to small in order:initial flowering stage,flowering length,end flowering stage,flowering stage,fruit setting stage.Among the varieties of Macadamia,the order of’H2’floret opening was from the middle of inflorescence axis to both ends,while’788’,’344’and’Guire No.1’were opened from the base of inflorescence axis to the top.The color of flower of’Guire No.1’is white,’344’and’788’are milky white,and the four macadamia nut varieties have different batch flowering.The length of inflorescence of Macadamia nut varies from 17.90 cm to 20.63 cm,the length of floret is 12.33~13.27 mm,the length of petiole is between 2.70~2.90 mm,and the number of small flowers per flower spike is 191~227.It is of great significance to master the biological rules of flowering for guiding the actual production,reasonable allocation of varieties and hybrid breeding.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 花粉生活力 物候期 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]