中国农作物秸秆产量及综合利用现状分析  

Analysis of yield and current comprehensive utilization of crop straws in China

作　　者：张晓庆[1,2] 王梓凡 参木友 白海花 塔娜[1] ZHANG Xiaoqing;WANG Zifan;Canmuyou;BAI Haihua;Tana(Institute of Grassland Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010010,China;Institute of Practaculture Science/State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resource and Genetic Improvement,Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,呼和浩特010010 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所/省部共建青稞和牦牛种质资源与遗传改良国家重点实验室,拉萨850000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2021年第9期30-41,共12页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：西藏自治区财政专项资金(XZNKYCYS-2020-C-041);西藏自治区重点研发计划(XZ202001ZY0037N);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610332020006);西藏自治区重大专项(XZ2021ZD0003N)。

摘　　要：为准确分析中国农作物秸秆产量及其综合利用现状,采取国家统计局发布的全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)谷物、豆类、薯类和棉花等作物产量,结合作物秸秆系数,对2009—2018年全国主要农作物秸秆产量进行测算。结果表明:2009—2018年中国秸秆产量增加12672.54万t,年增长率为2.01%,其中玉米秸秆贡献最大,2018年中国秸秆产量分布总体呈现东部和北部省(自治区、直辖市)高、西部和南部省(自治区、直辖市)低的特点,其中,河南省、山东省、黑龙江省、广西壮族自治区、江苏省和安徽省的产量高,北京市、上海市、天津市、浙江省、海南省、西藏自治区、青海省和宁夏回族自治区的产量低,中国耕地秸秆单产总体呈三级阶梯状分布,高产量地区集中在第三阶梯。综上所述,中国农作物秸秆产量巨大,需加大研发秸秆"五化"(秸秆肥料化、秸秆饲料化、秸秆能源化、秸秆基料化和秸秆原料化)利用核心关键技术,以提高综合利用效率。To precisely analyze the yield and current comprehensive utilization of crop straws in China,the straw yields of cereals,beans,potatoes,cotton and other crops in 31 provinces(autonomous regions and cites)from 2009 to 2018 were estimated by combining straw coefficient based on China Statistical Yearbook on 2019 released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China.The results showed that the total straw yield of China was increased by 126.73 million tons from 2009 to 2018 with an annual growth rate of 2.01%.Among those crop straws,corn straw had the most significant contribution.In 2018,the overall distribution of straw production in China showed a trend of higher in the eastern and northern provinces and lower in the western and southern provinces.Specifically,the crop straw yield was higher in Henan,Shandong,Heilongjiang,Guangxi,Jiangsu and Anhui provinces,while it was lower in Beijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Zhejiang,Hainan Province,Tibet Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.The overall distribution of arable straw yields is distributed in three steps,and the high yield areas concentrated in the third step.Therefore,the yield of China’s crop straws is huge,it needs to increase research and development of"five key"technologies(straw fertilizer,straw feed,straw fuel,straw matrix and straw materials)to improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：秸秆产量 秸秆燃料 秸秆肥料 秸秆饲料 秸秆建材 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]