基于电磁超材料的微波无线能量传输与收集关键技术(特邀)  

Key Technologies of Microwave Wireless Power Transfer and Energy Harvesting Based on Electromagnetic Metamaterials(Invited)

作　　者：李龙[1,3] 张沛 韩家奇[1,3] 崔铁军 LI Long;ZHANG Pei;HAN Jiaqi;CUI Tiejun(Key Laboratory of High Speed Circuit Design and EMC,Ministry of Education,School of Electronic Engineering,Xidian University,Xi'an 710071,China;State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;Center of Intelligent Metamaterials,Pazhou Laboratory,Guangzhou 510330,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学超高速电路设计与电磁兼容教育部重点实验室电子工程学院,西安710071 [2]东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室,南京210096 [3]智能超材料研究中心,琶洲实验室,广州510330

出　　处：《光子学报》2021年第10期1-16,共16页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划(Nos.2017YFA**227,2018YFA**263);国家自然科学基金(No.62001342);陕西省创新能力支撑计划(No.2021TD-07);陕西省杰出青年科学基金(No.2019JC-15)。

摘　　要：无线能量传输与收集技术有望为5G通信、万物互联等重要领域提供革命性技术变革。近距离耦合式传能已逐渐商业化,但面向远距离应用的微波无线传能的实用化进程还存在诸多技术瓶颈,例如有限的收发天线口径与传输效率的矛盾等。电磁超材料的发展为解决上述问题带来了新的突破口。本文将围绕两者的结合,系统地阐述电磁超材料在微波无线能量传输与无线能量收集中的关键技术。结果表明,基于电磁超材料的近场聚焦技术能显著提升无线能量传输效率。此外,还介绍了光透明超表面以及可重构超表面用于提升无线传能性能与实用性的研究进展;基于亚波长超材料单元的周期性紧密排布,可以设计具备宽角入射特性、极化不敏感特性的无线能量收集器,从而以更高的收集效率取代传统天线结构进行能量接收。与整流二极管共面集成提出整流超表面的新概念,可以简化无线能量收集器系统的整体结构,减小尺寸并提高效率。最后,对无线传能的未来发展进行讨论,指出现场可编程、智能超材料技术将在未来携能通信系统中起到非常重要的作用。Wireless Power Transfer(WPT)and energy harvesting technologies are expected to provide revolutionary technological changes in important fields such as 5 G communications and the Internet of Things. The short-range coupling WPT has gradually been commercialized,but there are still many technical bottlenecks in the practical process of microwave power transmission that can realize longdistance applications,such as the contradiction between the limited aperture of transceiver antennas and the WPT efficiency. The developments of electromagnetic metamaterials and metasurfaces have brought new breakthroughs for solving the above-mentioned problems. In this paper,we will focus on the combination of the two important technologies, and systematically review the applications of metamaterials in microwave wireless power transfer and wireless energy harvesting. The results show that the near-field focusing metasurface can significantly improve the transfer efficiency. We will also introduce the research progress of optically transparent metasurfaces and reconfigurable metasurfaces for improving WPT performance and practicability. Based on the periodically close arrangements of subwavelength metamaterial units,a wireless energy harvester with wide-angle incidence and polarization-insensitive characteristics is designed,which can replace conventional receiving antennas with higher harvesting efficiency. Furthermore,coplanar integration with the rectifying diodes makes a new concept of the rectifying metasurface, which can simplify the overall structure, reduce the size, and improve the efficiency. Finally, we will discuss the future progress of WPT, and point out the vital role that programmable and intelligent metamaterial technologies will play very important roles in future simultaneous wireless information and power transfer systems.

关 键 词：无线能量传输 无线能量收集 电磁超材料 近场聚焦 整流超表面 智能超材料 

分 类 号：TN82[电子电信—信息与通信工程]