数字化转型与企业分工:专业化还是纵向一体化  

Digital Transformation and Division of Labor between Enterprises:Vertical Specialization or Vertical Integration

作　　者：袁淳[1] 肖土盛[2] 耿春晓 盛誉 YUAN Chun;XIAO Tu-sheng;GENG Chun-xiao;SHENG Yu(School of Accountancy,Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 100081,China;China’s Management Accounting Research and Development Center CUFE,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学会计学院 [2]中央财经大学会计学院、中国管理会计研究与发展中心

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2021年第9期137-155,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“区域文化差异与资本流动:基于异地投资的视角”(批准号71872199)。

摘　　要：在"十四五"规划明确提出要加快数字化发展的背景下,由企业推动的数字化转型逐渐成为了学术界关注的重点。本文利用机器学习方法刻画微观企业数字化水平,并在构建数理模型的基础上实证考察了企业数字化转型对企业分工的影响及其机理。研究发现:企业数字化转型显著提升了中国上市企业专业化分工水平,并且该结论在考虑内生性问题以及一系列稳健性检验基础上仍然成立;机制分析表明,数字化转型对企业专业化分工的促进作用主要通过降低企业面临的外部交易成本来实现;数字化转型对企业专业化分工的影响具有明显的异质性,在内部管控成本较低的企业、制造业以及竞争性行业中促进效果更加显著;数字化通过促进企业专业化分工提高了企业全要素生产率。本文研究不仅揭示了数字技术的发展对企业边界的影响机理及经济后果,也为数字经济与实体经济的融合效果提供了微观证据,研究结论对于数字化相关政策的制定以及经济高质量发展具有重要的政策启示。Under the background that the 14th Five-Year Plan proposed to speed up the digital development,the digital transformation of enterprises has become the focus of academic field.This paper describes the digital level of micro enterprises using the machine learning method.Based on the mathematical model,this paper empirically investigates the impact of corporate digitalization on the division of labor between enterprises and its mechanisms.The results show that:First,corporate digitalization significantly increases corporate vertical specialization,and the result is robust after considering endogeneity,and conducting a series of robustness tests.Second,a plausible mechanism through which the digitalization promotes corporate vertical specialization is the reduction of external transaction costs.Third,the effect of digitalization on corporate vertical specialization is more pronounced when internal organization costs of the firm are lower,the firm is in the manufacturing industry,and the firm is in a competitive industry.Finally,we find that digitalization improves the corporate productivity by promoting corporate vertical specialization.This paper reveals the influence mechanism and economic consequences of the development of digital technology on corporate boundaries,and provides micro evidences for the integration effect of digital economy and real economy.These conclusions have important policy implications for the formulation of digital policies and high-quality economic development.

关 键 词：数字化转型 企业分工 专业化 纵向一体化 交易成本 

分 类 号：F272[经济管理—企业管理]