三峡水库调蓄影响下武汉河段中下段河床演变特性研究  

Research on the Characteristics of Riverbed in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Wuhan Reach under the Impact of the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：李思璇 李圣伟 董炳江 LI Si-xuan;LI Sheng-wei;DONG Bing-jiang(Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会水文局,武汉430010

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2021年第10期71-77,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0405301);三峡水库科学调度关键技术第二阶段研究项目(0704143)。

摘　　要：以三峡水库为核心的梯级水库群联合调度运用显著改变水沙过程,长江中下游河道出现了响应性冲淤调整。借助长系列水沙、地形资料,分析了三峡水库蓄水前后武汉河段中下段演变特点,明确了长江中游典型河道冲淤调整对水库调蓄影响下流量过程变化的响应规律,结果表明:三峡水库蓄水运用以来,武汉河段中下段冲刷主要集中在中枯水河槽,近年来右汊枯水期分流比增大,天兴洲洲体大小、平面位置及洲顶高程相对稳定。与无水库调蓄情况相比,现行调度方式下洪峰流量大幅削减,中水流量持续时间延长,武汉河段中下段中枯水主流所倾向汊道即天兴洲右汊分流比略高,江心天兴洲滩体面积略大。研究成果可为三峡水库优化调度运行、长江中下游河道治理提供参考。The operation of the Three Gorges Dam(TGD)has significantly altered the flow and sediment conditions,causing responsive erosion and deposition adjustments in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Based on the long series of flow,sediment and topographic data,the evolution characteristics of the Wuhan reach are analyzed,and the responsive adjustments of the typical reaches to the changes in the flow process under the influence of the reservoir are clarified.The results show that since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam(TGD),intensive erosion in the Wuhan reach has been mainly concentrated on the medium flow channel.In recent years,the diversion ratio of the right branch during the dry season increases,and the size,plane position of the Tianxing bar are relatively stable.Compared with the non-reservoir situation,the current dispatch mode greatly reduces the peak flow and prolongs the duration of the intermediate discharge,resulting in a slightly higher diversion ratio of the right branch that medium flow tends to and a slightly larger area of the Tianxing bar.The research results can provide references for the optimal operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the governance of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：三峡水库 武汉河段中下段 河床演变 分流比 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]