佛山地区输血患者红细胞血型不规则抗体分布特点及分析  

Distribution Characteristics and Analysis of Irregular Red Blood Cell Antibodies in Patients Undergoing Blood Transfusion in Foshan

作　　者：吴敏华[1] 蔡葵[1] 朱琳睿 黎裕元 WU Min-hua;CAI Kui;ZHU Lin-rui(Department of Blood Transfusion,Foshan First People's Hospital,Foshan,Guangdong,528000,China)

机构地区：[1]佛山市第一人民医院输血科,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《黑龙江医学》2021年第19期2112-2114,2117,共4页Heilongjiang Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的:分析佛山市第一人民医院拟输血住院患者的血型不规则抗体发生频率和分布特点,探讨不规则抗体筛查在临床输血中的意义。方法:收集2020年1—11月在佛山市第一人民医院拟进行交叉配血的患者10 423例,采用微住凝胶技术对不规则抗体进行筛查,对抗体结果阳性者采用谱细胞进行抗体特异性鉴定,统计分析抗体的种类及分布。结果:10 423例患者中检出不规则抗体112例,阳性检出率为1.07%,其中男性患者的阳性率为0.73%(49/5 510),女性患者的阳性率为1.47%(72/4 913)(P<0.001);有输血史患者阳性率为1.47%(56/3 803),明显高于无输血史患者阳性率0.85%(56/6 620)(P<0.05);有妊娠史患者阳性率4.97%(61/1 228),明显高于无妊娠史患者0.30%(11/3 685),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。112例不规则抗体阳性患者中,鉴定出107例,占87.70%,其中Rh血型系统最多占56.07%,其次为MNSs血型系统抗体占24.30%、Lewis血型系统抗体占8.41%;其中又以抗-E抗体检出率最高(35.51%)、其次为抗-M抗体(19.63%)。结论:输血前进行不规则抗体筛查与鉴定能降低由于不规则抗体导致的溶血性贫血输血反应的发生率,对保障输血安全具有重要临床意义。Objective:To analyze the frequency and distribution characteristics of irregular antibodies in blood group of inpatients in the hospital,and to explore the significance of irregular antibody screening in clinical blood transfusion.Methods:From January to November 2020,10423 patients who were to be cross-matched at the hospital were collected.The micro-gel technology was used to screen for irregular antibodies.For patients with positive antibody results,spectrum cells were used for antibodyspecific identification,and the types and distribution of antibodies were statistically analyzed.Results:112 irregular antibodies were detected in 10423 patients,with a positive detection rate of 1.07%,of which the positive rate of male patients was 0.73%(49/5510),and the positive rate of female patients was 1.47%(72/4913)(P<0.001).The positive rate of patients with a history of blood transfusion was 1.47%(56/3803),which was significantly higher than the positive rate of patients without a history of blood transfusion of 0.85%(56/6620)(P<0.05).The positive rate of patients with a history of pregnancy was 4.97%(61/1228),which was significantly higher than 0.30%(11/3685)of patients without a history of pregnancy,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).Among 112 patients with positive irregular antibodies,107 were identified,accounting for 87.70%.Among them,the Rh blood type system accounted for 56.07%at most,followed by MNSs blood type antibodies,accounting for 24.30%.Lewis blood type antibodies accounted for 8.41%.Among them,the detection rate of anti-E antibody was the highest(35.51%),followed by anti-M antibody(19.63%).Conclusion:Screening and identification of irregular antibodies before blood transfusion can reduce the incidence of hemolytic anemia transfusion reactions caused by irregular antibodies.It has important clinical significance for ensuring the safety of blood transfusion.

关 键 词：红细胞血型不规则抗体 输血安全 分布特点 

分 类 号：R472.9[医药卫生—护理学]