基于应变模态的风机塔筒法兰螺栓断裂损伤监测研究  

Fracture damage monitoring of wind turbine tower flange bolt based on strain mode analysis

作　　者：张则荣[1] 李鹏飞[1] 韩桐桐 樊智敏[1] ZHANG Ze-rong;LI Peng-fei;HAN Tong-tong;FAN Zhi-min(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学机电工程学院,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《机电工程》2021年第10期1348-1354,共7页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52075279);山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2019GGX104088)。

摘　　要：针对风力发电机塔筒法兰段螺栓断裂损伤的识别问题,以某型1.5 MW风机为例,对螺栓断裂损伤识别进行了理论推导、仿真分析和损伤识别指标修正研究。运用连续体振动微分方程法,建立了梁的振动微分方程和应变模态;利用ANSYS软件对风机塔筒进行了振动模态分析,并研究了不同螺栓断裂工况下位移和应变模态振型的变化;以应变绝对偏差作为损伤识别指标,通过数值模拟验证不同工况下的风机塔筒损伤识别效果。研究结果表明:不同损伤工况的位移模态振型无明显突变,而应变模态振型在塔筒法兰螺栓断裂处出现显著突变,应变类指标对损伤更加敏感;修正的应变绝对偏差损伤识别指标削弱了未损伤处高应变值干扰损伤识别的影响,提高了损伤识别的敏感度;基于应变模态的损伤识别可为大型风机塔筒的损伤监测和健康维护提供参考。Aiming at the identification problem of bolt fracture damage in flange section of wind turbine tower,taking a 1.5 MW wind turbine as an example,the theoretical derivation,simulation analysis and damage identification index correction of bolt fracture damage identification were studied.The vibration differential equation and strain mode theory of beam were established by using the method of continuum vibration differential equation.ANSYS software was used to analyze the vibration mode of the tower,and the changes of displacement and strain mode shapes under different bolt fracture conditions were studied.The absolute deviation of strain was taken as the damage identification index,numerical simulation was used to verify the effect of wind turbine tower damage identification under different working conditions.The results show that there is no obvious mutation in displacement mode shapes under different damage conditions,while the strain mode shapes appear significant mutation at the fracture of tower flange bolt,and the strain index is more sensitive to damage.The modified strain absolute deviation damage identification index weakens the influence of high strain value in undamaged area on damage identification,and then improves the sensitivity of damage identification.The damage identification based on strain mode analysis can provide reference for damage monitoring and health maintenance of large wind turbine tower.

关 键 词：风机塔筒 应变模态 螺栓断裂 损伤诊断 识别修正 

分 类 号：TH131.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TK83[动力工程及工程热物理—流体机械及工程]