探寻没有股市霸权的市场经济发展道路--兼及中国乡村振兴问题  

In Search of a Road for Market Development without the Hegemony of the Stock Market,with Thoughts also about Revitalizing Chinese Villages

作　　者：黄宗智[1,2] Philip C.C.Huang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶校区历史系

出　　处：《中国乡村研究》2021年第1期1-29,共29页Rural China:An International Journal of History and Social Science

摘　　要：本文通过对资本主义历史的简要论析来说明其从重商主义到古典工业资本主义、到福利化的资本主义、再到股市化与虚拟化的资本主义的历史演变过程,借此来说明如今西方股市霸权的实质。这一切不能仅凭人们普遍将市场经济、资本主义和私有产权混合为同一事物的意识形态来认识和思考。我们需要拆开其三个方面,尤其需要将平等互利的市场经济对发展的动力从资本主义的其他方面单独拧出来认识。然后对比中国的不同的市场经济历史,说明中国在近三个世纪的城乡不平等和国际关系不平等下的单向市场的历史背景,从此基点出发来认识中国新近的"一带一路"倡议中关于中国与后发展国家间的更符合亚当·斯密原来设想的平等互利贸易关系的远瞻愿想和综合视野。最后,提出借助同一思路来设想乡村振兴的发展道路。This article presents a simplified analysis of the history of capitalism,from its mercantilist to its classical liberal phase,then to social welfarist capitalism,and finally to a financialized and virtualized capitalism,to highlight the reality today of the hegemony of the stock market.These changes cannot be grasped through common conceptions that collapse the three dimensions of market economy,capitalism,and private ownership into a single,ideologized entity.We need to separate out the three dimensions,especially that of equal and mutually beneficial trade as a dynamic for economic development,from the others in order to grasp its full meaning.We can then compare it to China’s very different history of market economy,to bring out the historical reality since about 1700 of unequal,unidirectional trade between city and countryside within China,and later also between foreign(imperialist)countries and China from the mid-19 thcentury on.From such a perspective,we can better appreciate the full implications of China’s most recent vision in its"belt and road"initiative for development through equal trade between China and other developing countries—a vision that actually accords well with Adam Smith’s original one of equal and mutually beneficial trade between town and country,and also among nations.Finally,the article turns to explore a similar perspective for envisioning the revitalization of rural China.

关 键 词：重商资本主义 工业资本主义和帝国主义 福利国家 股市霸权下的新自由资本主义 城乡单向贸易 乡村振兴的道路 

分 类 号：F832.51[经济管理—金融学] F123.9F323