“集体产权”改革与农村社区振兴  

Reform of “Collective Property Rights”and Reinvigorating Village Communities

作　　者：黄宗智[1,2] Philip C.C.Huang

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶校区历史系

出　　处：《中国乡村研究》2021年第1期54-71,共18页Rural China:An International Journal of History and Social Science

摘　　要："集体产权"改革是2014年以来由原农业部发起、中央支持下的农村产权改革,需要和过去集体所有的联产承包责任制中的改革区别开来,包括其中的耕地转建设用地的改革。新一轮改革的标的主要在过去未经明确的其他农村非耕地"集体产权",尤其是荒地、林地、水面、山坡等集体产权的"清产核资",据此建立"农民经济合作社",为的是振兴农村社区,为其"产权"建立"入市"的基础。到2020年,改革已经"全面推开",覆盖全国81.6%的行政村。但其配套政策,如中央的专项资助、社区的法律身份、融资政策等方面,都尚待在实践之中进一步明确。无可怀疑的是,这个新一轮改革附带着给予迄今基本被忽视的农村社区重新振兴的可能,使其或许能够为乡村振兴的国家大战略起重要的辅助性作用。本文从回顾与前瞻的角度,梳理其迄今的发展并展望其未来的可能发展型式。The present"reform of collective property rights"was first suggested by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2014,which then received central-level support,and should be distinguished from the earlier reform of collective property rights through the"responsibility land system",which included also the conversion of portions of cultivated land to urban development land.The new reform targets especially collective property rights that had not hitherto been clearly identified,including especially uncultivated land,patches of woods,ponds and lakes,hillsides and such,calling for clearly inventorying and evaluating them,and placing them under"peasants’economic cooperatives",in order to prepare for marketizing those rights.By 2020,those inventorying efforts had been"pushed across the board"and been completed for 81.6 percent of all of the nation’s("administrative")villages.But accompanying changes needed,including targeted central-level financial support,formalized legal status,and raising loans and so on still await further clarification through actual practice.What is indubitable,however,is that such reforms afford the hitherto neglected village communities genuine prospects for reinvigoration,possibly of contributing significantly to the already-adopted broader strategy to"invigorate the ruralities"(within the next 30 years).This article aims to sort out the past background and future prospects for their development.

关 键 词：“集体产权”今昔 普通规则和正式法律 社团还是合作社或集体企业 保值增值和融资问题 前瞻演变 

分 类 号：F321.32[经济管理—产业经济] D422.6[政治法律—政治学]