个体与制度:第一书记嵌入乡村治理体系的实践分析  

Individual and Institution:The First Secretary Embedded in Rural Governance

作　　者：王海侠 赵洲洋 袁陆仪 Haixia Wang;Zhouyang Zhao;Luyi Yuan

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学中国社会管理研究院/社会学院 [2]北京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《中国乡村研究》2021年第1期72-101,共30页Rural China:An International Journal of History and Social Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金“农村基层治理多元化与创新实践研究”(项目批准号:17YJC840036);“新中国70年社会治理研究”(批准号:18@ZH011)子课题“百村社会治理调查”;“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助”(项目号:310422110)的阶段研究成果。

摘　　要：驻村第一书记制度自2015年后成为农村加强基层组织建设和脱贫攻坚的重要抓手。第一书记从浅层上看可通过资源反哺增强农村资源供给,扭转农村分配不足和分配不均的状况;而从深层看,第一书记制度具有克服现有科层制治理不足、优化乡村治理结构的作用。本文基于对第一书记的实践分析,总结和提炼出第一书记制度的运作模式、制度特征及治理成效,指出第一书记制度最大的特点是非科层性、灵活性与资源联动性,它体现了党的综合治理与科层治理的双重治理特质。但第一书记制度亦存在制度性悖论,第一书记制度带有一定程度的运动式治理特征,其社会嵌入性亦与个体的资源禀赋、行动策略相关,实践效果因人因地而异。尽管如此,第一书记制度显示出与常规治理不同的治理效力,契合新时期乡村治理体系建设的内外资源互动指向和新时代党的农村工作的群众路线要求,第一书记制度所承载的治理内涵值得深入研究。Since 2015,the appointment of a special"first secretary"(for the village party branch)has become an important method for reinforcing rural party building and attacking rural poverty.On the obvious level,the first secretary can enhance access to redirected resources and solve the problems of insufficiency and uneven distribution in rural areas.On a deeper level,the first secretary institution can play a role in overcoming problems in bureaucratic governance and optimizing the rural governance structure.Based on an analysis of the actual practices of first secretaries,this article highlights the operational mode,institutional characteristics,and governance effectiveness of the first secretary institution.It points out that the most prominent characteristics of the first secretary institution are non-bureaucratic governance,flexibility,and resource reallocation,thus reflecting the duality of comprehensive party leadership and bureaucratic governance by the government.However,there are still some institutional paradoxes:the first secretary institution retains some characteristics of campaign-style governance,at least to a certain extent,and its social embeddedness is dependent on individual accesses to resources and particular operational strategies,resulting in practical effects that vary across regions and individuals.Nevertheless,the first secretary institution still has a governance ability and effectiveness that are different from conventional governance and conform to the goal of both establishing links between internal and external resources in rural reconstruction and satisfying the mass line requirement of the party’s rural work in the new era.It will be worthwhile to further study the implications of the first secretary institution for governance in general.

关 键 词：第一书记制度 实践治理 

分 类 号：D262.3[政治法律—政治学] D422.6[政治法律—中共党史]