油脂甘油醇解法合成硬脂酸单甘酯合成条件研究  

Study on Synthesis Conditions of Monoglyceride Stearate by Glycerol Alcoholysis of Oil

作　　者：张军城 洪郑 史立文 李伏益 雷小英 李帮国 刘炜康 ZHANG Juncheng;HONG Zheng;SHI Liwen;LI Fuyi;LEI Xiaoying;LI Bangguo;LIU Weikang(Zanyu Technology Group CO.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Zhejiang,311300)

机构地区：[1]赞宇科技集团股份有限公司,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《中国洗涤用品工业》2021年第9期29-35,共7页China Cleaning Industry

摘　　要：硬脂酸单甘酯(glycerol monostearate,GM)是一种重要的多元醇型非离子表面活性剂。油脂甘油醇解法是制备单硬脂酸甘油酯最重要的工业方法,在油脂醇解反应中,脂肪酰基在油脂分子和加入的游离甘油分子之间重新排列,生成单甘酯和二甘酯。研究油脂甘油醇解法的合成条件对产物单甘脂含量的影响,对企业通过技术改进以提高生产效益、降低能耗和节约生产成本,具有积极的指导作用。本文通过对投料比、催化剂种类、催化剂量、反应温度、反应时长5个因素进行实验和分析,发现:①酯交换法合成单酯,反应转化率随甘油∶氢化油的摩尔比先增大后减小。当甘油∶氢化油的摩尔比为2∶1时,粗酯中单甘酯含量最高;②催化剂采用NaOH的催化活性相对较高,其次,KaOH的催化活性也比较高;③酯交换法合成单酯,反应转化率随NaOH加入量的增加先增大后减小,催化剂占氢化油质量的0.4%时粗酯中单甘酯含量最大;④酯交换法合成单酯,反应转化率随反应温度的升高先增大后减小,235℃时单甘酯含量最大;⑤酯交换法合成单酯,单甘酯反应转化率随反应时长的延长先增大后减小,2.5 h时单甘酯含量最大;⑥通过正交考察酯交换法合成单酯最佳反应条件为催化剂采用NaOH,添加量为氢化油质量的0.4%、反应温度235℃、反应时长2 h,其反应单酯含量可以达到40.2%。Glycerol monostearate is an important polyol non-ionic surfactant.Glycerol alcoholysis of oil is the most important industrial method to prepare glycerol monostearate.In the alcoholysis reaction of oil,fatty acyl groups rearrange between oil molecules and added free glycerol molecules to produce monoglyceride and diglyceride.The study on the effect of synthetic conditions of glycerol alcoholysis of oil on the content of monoglyceride in the product has a positive guiding role for enterprises to improve production efficiency,reduce energy consumption and save production cost through technical improvement.Through the experiment and analysis of feed ratio,catalyst type,catalyst amount,reaction temperature and reaction time,it is found that:①for the synthesis of monoesters by transesterification,the reaction conversion first increases and then decreases with the molar ratio of glycerol to hydrogenated oil.When the molar ratio of glycerol to hydrogenated oil is 2∶1,the content of monoglyceride in crude ester is the highest;②The catalytic activity of NaOH is relatively high,followed by KaOH;③When the amount of NaOH was increased,the conversion first increased and then decreased.When the catalyst accounted for 0.4%of the mass of hydrogenated oil,the content of monoglyceride in crude ester was the largest;④The conversion of monoglyceride first increased and then decreased with the increase of reaction temperature.The content of monoglyceride was the largest at 235℃;⑤In the synthesis of monoester by transesterification,the reaction conversion and monoglyceride content first increased and then decreased with the extension of reaction time,and the monoglyceride content was the largest at 2.5 h;⑥The optimum reaction conditions for the synthesis of monoesters by transesterification were as follows:the catalyst was NaOH,the addition amount was 0.4%of the mass of hydrogenated oil,the reaction temperature was 235℃and the reaction time was 2h.The content of monoesters could reach 40.2%.

关 键 词：硬脂酸单甘酯 MONOGLYCERIDE 油脂甘油醇解法 催化剂种类 催化剂量 投料比 反应温度 反应时间 单甘酯含量 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]