长期有机培肥对红壤有机碳组分及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Long-term Organic Fertilization on Organic Carbon and Microbial Community in Red Soil and Rice Yield

作　　者：周旦 王欣 郭小军 孙杰 黄庆海[3] 叶会财[3] 解开治[1,2] 刘一锋 徐培智 ZHOU Dan;WANG Xin;GUO Xiaojun;SUN Jie;HUANG Qinghai;YE Huicai;XIE Kaizhi;LIU Yifeng;XU Peizhi(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong510640,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Nanchang,Jiangxi 331717,China;Guangdong Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Quality Protection Center,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510500,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广东广州510640 [3]江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌331717 [4]广东省农业环境与耕地质量保护中心,广东广州510500

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2021年第8期867-877,共11页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2016A030313776、2017B020233002);广州市珠江科技新星专项(201710010182);广东省农业科学院“十三五”学科团队建设项目(201801XX);江西省红壤研究所博士启动基金项目(HRBS04)。

摘　　要：【目的】以40年红壤长期有机培肥试验为研究平台,探究长期施用紫云英、猪粪及秸秆还田对稻田土壤有机碳组分、土壤微生物量及水稻产量的影响。【方法】设置6个处理:不施肥处理(CK)、化肥处理(NPK)、早稻施绿肥紫云英处理(M1)、早稻施绿肥紫云英和早稻施猪粪处理(M2)、早稻施绿肥紫云英和晚稻施猪粪处理(M3)、早稻施绿肥紫云英和晚稻秸秆还田处理(M4)。于2020年晚稻收获前采集耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤样品,测定土壤有机碳组分、微生物量碳氮等肥力指标。【结果】(1)长期有机培肥处理提高了水稻产量,较不施肥处理CK相比,绿肥紫云英添加猪粪的M2、M3处理早稻产量,分别提高1.4、1.25倍,晚稻产量则分别提高0.59、0.65倍;绿肥紫云英添加猪粪的M2、M3处理早稻产量,较化肥NPK处理分别提升18.1%、10.6%,晚稻产量分别提升15.7%、20.0%。(2)长期有机培肥处理提高了各形态土壤有机碳组分含量,早稻绿肥紫云英+猪粪的M2处理较不施肥CK处理显著提高易氧化性有机碳、游离态颗粒有机碳、可溶性有机碳含量(P<0.05),且有机碳各组分含量均高于化肥NPK处理,其中游离态颗粒有机碳含量M2处理(0.97 g·kg^(−1))显著高于NPK处理(0.68 g·kg^(−1))(P<0.05);化肥NPK处理和有机培肥处理(M1、M2、M3、M4)土壤微生物量碳较不施肥CK处理相比提高了22.1%~58.9%,早稻绿肥紫云英+猪粪的M2处理土壤微生物量碳含量(231.2 mg·kg^(−1))最高且提升最为明显(P<0.05)。(3)长期有机培肥提高了游离态颗粒有机碳和可溶性有机碳的分配比例,且早稻施绿肥紫云英+猪粪M2处理效果明显;易氧化性有机碳是红壤有机碳的主要存在形式;土壤有机碳与易氧化性有机碳、游离态颗粒有机碳及可溶性有机碳呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。(4)长期有机培肥提高了全氮、碱解氮等养分指标,产量与速效磷、有机碳、全氮、速效氮、可溶�【Objective】Effects of long-term application of organic waste,such as Chinese milk vetch,pig manure,and/or straws,on the organic carbon components and microbial biomass in the soil,as well as the yield of rice cultivated two consecutive seasons in a year on the land were studied with the aid of a 40-year research project on red soil of rice paddy fields.【Methods】Six treatments designed for the study included(1)CK of no added fertilizer,(2)NPK of chemical fertilizer application,(3)M1 of Chinese milk vetch fertilization on early rice,(4)M2 of Chinese milk vetch plus pig manure applications on early rice,(5)M3 of Chinese milk vetch applied on early rice and pig manure on late rice,and(6)M4 of Chinese milk vetch application on early rice and straw returning on late rice.Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–20 cm before the late rice was harvested in 2020 for fertility determinations on organic carbons,microbial biomass,nitrogen,etc.【Result】(1)Long-term organic fertilization could increase rice yield.As shown in the study,the yields of the early rice under M2 and M3 increased 1.4 and 1.25 times,respectively,and those of the late rice 0.59 and 0.65 times,respectively,over CK.In comparison with NPK,M2 and M3 raised the early rice yield by 18.1%and 10.6%,respectively,and the late rice yield by 15.7%and 20.0%,respectively.(2)Long-term organic fertilization could enhance the organic carbon content in soil.As compared to CK,the contents of permanganate oxidative organic carbon,free particulate organic carbon,and dissolved organic carbon on the early rice field under M2 significantly increased(P<0.05).The free particulate organic carbon content of 0.97 g·kg^(−1) was significantly higher than that under NPK treatment at 0.68 g·kg^(−1).The microbial biomass carbon in the soil under NPK,M1,M2,M3,or M4 was 22.1%to 58.9%higher than CK with the early rice field rendering the most significant effect at 231.2 mg·kg^(−1)(P<0.05).(3)Long-term organic fertilization could heighten the ratio of free particula

关 键 词：红壤 长期有机培肥 有机碳组分 微生物量碳氮 产量 

分 类 号：S144.9[农业科学—肥料学] Q939.96[农业科学—农业基础科学]