煤型关键金属矿产研究进展  

Coal-hosted Critical Metal Deposits:A Review

作　　者：代俊峰 李增华 许德如 邓腾 赵磊 张鑫[1,2] 王水龙 张健 孔令涛 尚培 DAI Junfeng;LI Zenghua;XU Deru;Deng Teng;ZHAO Lei;ZHANG Xin;WANG Shuilong;ZHANG Jian;KONG Lingtao;SHANG Pei(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,Jiangxi,China;Geology Exploration Institute of Shandong Zhengyuan,China Metallurgical Geology Bureau,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学地球科学学院,江西南昌330013 [3]中国冶金地质总局山东正元地质勘查院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《大地构造与成矿学》2021年第5期963-982,共20页Geotectonica et Metallogenia

基　　金：核资源与环境国家重点实验室开放基金项目(NRE1912、NRE1914和NRE1915)资助。

摘　　要：关键金属是全球高科技产业发展所必需的战略性矿产资源,包括稀有金属、稀土金属、稀散金属以及稀贵金属。煤及其燃烧后的飞灰中能够富集关键金属元素,含量可以达到甚至超过传统的矿床类型,有望成为未来关键金属的主要来源。煤型关键金属矿床指在一定的地质作用下,含煤盆地中富集关键金属且在当前经济技术条件下可被开发利用的煤层、夹矸和围岩。本文通过对煤型关键金属矿床的地质特征、成矿金属元素来源和赋存状态、富集机制以及成矿规律进行系统论述,认为煤型关键金属矿床有宇宙成因、陆源碎屑成因、火山碎屑成因、热液成因、外部流体渗滤成因以及叠加复合成因6种类型,SEM-EDS和BSE技术结合ICP-MS、ICP-AES和EMPA是煤中关键金属元素重要的分析测试方法;总结煤型关键金属矿床的时空分布规律和研究趋势,提出岩浆活动与煤中关键金属元素富集的关系、煤中关键金属元素赋存状态的影响因素、合适的分析测试方法以及开发和选冶技术创新等研究方向。文章强调煤型关键金属矿床潜在的工业经济价值,加强我国煤型关键金属矿产的科学研究和综合利用,不仅能为关键金属矿产的成矿理论研究、找矿突破以及开发利用提供科学依据,还有助于促进我国煤炭经济的绿色循环发展。Critical metals,including rare metals,rare earth elements,rare scattered metals and rare noble metals,are global strategic mineral resources and are essential to high-tech industries all around the world.Critical metals could be strongly enriched in coal as well as coal combusted products,especially fly ash.The concentrations of critical metal elements in coal and coal combusted fly ash are comparable to,or even higher than,those found in conventional ore deposits,which made the coal-hosted deposits a promising source for critical metals in the foreseeable future.In this paper,we synthesized the geological characteristics,source and occurrence of critical metals,enrichment mechanism and ore-forming process of the coal-hosted critical metal deposits.To do so,we proposed six genetic types of coal-hosted critical metal deposits,i.e.,cosmic type,terrigenous type,pyraclastic type,external fluid infiltration type,hydrothermal type and superimposed type,pointed out that combined SEM-EDS and BSE with ICP-MS,ICP-AES and EMPA are the primary analysis methods,and summarized ore genesis and research trendency.Furthermore,we raised several scientifc questions,such as the relationship between magmatism and critical metal mineralization,the factors that influence critical metal occurrence,applicable analysis methods,and technical innovation on exploiting,dressing and smelting coal-hosted critical metal deposits.This paper highlighted the potential industrial economy and enhanced an urgent scientific research and integrated utilization of the coal-hosted critical metal deposits,which not only can provide scientific evidence for the metallogenic theoretical research,exploration and exploitation of critical metal deposits,but also would facilitate beneficial utilization of coal mines in a green and sustainbale way.

关 键 词：关键金属矿床 地质特征 成因类型 成矿规律 研究进展 含煤盆地 

分 类 号：P617[天文地球—矿床学]