国家速度滑冰队有氧及无氧运动能力解析  

An Analysis of the Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity of the National Speed Skating Team

作　　者：王月华[1] 杨明[1] WANG Yuehua;YANG Ming(Jilin Institute of Physical Education,Changchun Jilin 130022)

机构地区：[1]吉林体育学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《成都体育学院学报》2021年第5期13-17,23,共6页Journal of Chengdu Sport University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划科技冬奥专项课题“特定环境对冬季项目运动员生物学特征影响的研究”(2018YFF0300405)。

摘　　要：目的:对国家速度滑冰队有氧及无氧运动能力解析,为备战2022年北京冬奥会提供参考借鉴。方法:将45名国家速度滑冰队运动员分为短距离、中距离、长距离3组,进行功率自行车递增负荷实验、30 s Wingate无氧实验,对测试结果做组间对比分析。结果:(1)男子长距离组最大摄氧量绝对值、相对值及最大功率显著高于短、中距离组(P<0.01),短、中距离组乳酸阈功率显著低于长距离组(P<0.05),女子中、长距离组乳酸阈功率显著高于短距离组(P<0.05);(2)男子短距离组最大无氧功率绝对值及相对值、无氧功率递减率、峰值血乳酸显著高于中、长距离组(P<0.01或P<0.05),短、中距离组平均无氧功率相对值均显著高于长距离组(P<0.05),女子长距离组最大无氧功率绝对值显著低于短距离组(P<0.05),短、中距离组无氧功率递减率均显著高于长距离组(P<0.05);(3)短距离组男子运动员无氧功率递减率显著高于同组女子运动员(P<0.05)。结论:(1)国家男子短距离运动员无氧能力优于中、长距离运动员,成绩已达世界级水平,中距离运动员无氧能力优于长距离者,但其有氧、无氧能力均低于世界水平,长距离运动员有氧能力优于短、中距离运动员,但与世界水平存在差距;(2)女子中、长距离速度滑冰运动员有氧能力优于短距离运动员,但无论何种距离的女子速滑运动员,其专项运动能力均不突出,与世界水平有较大差距;(3)男、女长距离运动员疲劳速率明显低于短、中距离运动员,国家速度滑冰队的疲劳速率均较高。Objective:To analyze the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of the National Speed Skating Team to provide reference for it to prepare for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.Methods:45 national speed skating team athletes were divided into short-,medium-,long-distance groups to receive power cycling increasing load experiment and 30 s Wingate anaerobic experiment respectively,and the test results of the 3 groups were compared and analyzed.Results:(1)The absolute value of maximum oxygen uptake,the relative value of maximum oxygen uptake and the maximum power in men's long-distance group are significantly higher than those in short-distance group and medium-distance distance group(P<0.01),the lactic acid threshold power in short-distance group and medium-distance group are significantly lower than that in long-distance group(P<0.05),the lactic acid threshold power in women's medium-distance group and long-distance group are significantly higher than that in short-distance group(P<0.05);(2)The absolute value and relative value of maximum anaerobic power,anaerobic power decline rate,and peak blood lactate in men's short-distance group were significantly higher than those in medium-distance group and long-distance group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The relative values of average anaerobic power in short-distance group and medium-distance group were significantly higher than that in long-distance group(P<0.05).The absolute value of maximum anaerobic power in women's long-distance group was significantly lower than that in short-distance group(P<0.05).the anaerobic power decline rates in both short-distance group and medium-distance group were significantly higher that in long-distance group(P<0.05);(3)The decline rate of anaerobic power of male athletes in short-distance group is significantly higher than that of female athletes in the same group(P<0.05).Conclusions:(1)Men's short-distance group has better anaerobic ability than medium-distance group and long-distance group and is at the world-class level.Although the aerobic ability of

关 键 词：国家队 速度滑冰 有氧运动能力 无氧运动能力 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]