蚯蚓粪生物炭配施对盐碱地设施番茄生长及光合作用的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Earthworm Manure and Biochar on Protected Tomato Growth and Photosynthesis in Saline-alkali Soils

作　　者：丁守鹏 张国新[1] 姚玉涛[1] 孙叶烁 丁冯洁 DING Shoupeng;ZHANG Guoxin;YAO Yutao;SUN Yeshuo;DING Fengjie(Coastal Agriculture Institute,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Technical Research Center of Saline-alkali Soil Greening Project/Tangshan Key Laboratory of Plant Salt Tolerance Research,Caofeidian,Hebei 063200)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所河北省盐碱地绿化工程技术研究中心唐山市植物耐盐研究重点实验室,河北曹妃甸063200

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第18期60-67,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河北省创新工程资助项目(2019-1-6-4)。

摘　　要：以番茄品种‘博萨’为试材,采用正交实验设计,分析复合肥、蚯蚓粪、生物炭配施对滨海盐碱地番茄生长、产量及光合特性的影响,以期为蚯蚓粪和生物炭应用于盐碱地改良利用提供参考依据。结果表明:施用复合肥、蚯蚓粪、生物炭可影响番茄农艺性状与产量。配施水平下各因素对番茄株高、茎粗和土壤电导率的影响大小是生物炭>复合肥>蚯蚓粪,对生物量积累影响大小为蚯蚓粪>生物炭>复合肥,对番茄产量、光合作用影响大小为生物炭>蚯蚓粪>复合肥。在一定范围内生物炭和蚯蚓粪可以促进番茄生长,提高产量,改土降盐。与对照相比,T4产量显著提高了42.1%,净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率分别增加57.3%、56.8%、62.3%,达显著水平。降盐率为51.9%,综合各指标看,滨海盐碱地设施番茄最优配施组合是每667 m2分别施复合肥、蚯蚓粪和生物炭21、1575、315 kg。Taking the tomato variety‘Bosa’as the test material,the orthogonal experiment design was used to analyze the effects of compound fertilizer,vermicompost and biochar on the growth,yield and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato in coastal saline-alkali land,in order to provide a reference basis for the application of vermicompost and biochar in the improvement and utilization of salinealkali land.The results showed that application of compound fertilizer,vermicompost and biochar could affect tomato agronomic characteristics and yield.The results of the range analysis showed that the influence of each factor of tomato plants height,stem thickness and soil conductivity under the combined application level was biochar>compound fertilizer>vermicompost,and the influence on biomass accumulation was vermicompost>biochar>compound fertilizer,the impact on tomato yield and photosynthesis was biochar>vermicompost>compound fertilizer.Within a certain range,biochar and vermicompost could promote tomato growth,increased to yield,improve soil and reduce salt.Compared with the control,the yield of T4plot was significantly increased by 42.1%,and the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and transpiration rate were increased by 57.3%,56.8%,and 62.3%respectively,reaching significant levels.The salinity reduction rate was 51.9%.In terms of all indicators,the optimal combination of tomato in coastal saline-alkali land facilities was compound fertilizer,vermicompost and biochar applied at 21kg,1575kg,and 315kg per 667m2.

关 键 词：滨海盐碱地 设施番茄 蚯蚓粪 生物炭 光合特性 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]