珍稀濒危植物华盖木研究进展  

Research Progress of Manglietiastrum sinicum,a Rare and Endangered Plant

作　　者：沈清清[1,2] 崔晓龙 吴风志 高明菊[1] 赵芳[1] SHEN Qingqing;CUI Xiaolong;WU Fengzhi;GAO Mingju;ZHAO Fang(College of Notoginseng Medicine and Pharmacy,Wenshan University,Wenshan,Yunnan 663099;School of Life Sciences*Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650091;The Geographical Information Technology Teaching and Experimental Base&Innovation Service Center,Wenshan University,Wenshan,Yunnan 663099)

机构地区：[1]文山学院三七医药学院,云南文山663099 [2]云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明650091 [3]文山学院地理信息技术教学、实验基地与创新服务中心,云南文山663099

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第18期132-140,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：云南省地方本科高校基础研究联合专项资助项目(2018FH001028);国家自然科学基金资助项目(NSFC 31660089);文山学院《微生物学》重点课程建设资助项目(WYZL180202);文山学院《微生物学》一流课程建设资助项目(WYZL200304);云南省教育厅资助项目(2014Y473);云南省应用基础研究计划资助项目(2018FD168)。

摘　　要：华盖木为国家一级重点保护的珍稀濒危植物,经过40余年的保护、回归、科研等工作的开展,目前华盖木种苗繁殖技术已较为成熟、成活率高,回归自然成活的植株长势良好,保护工作取得了初步成效,但当前野外仍然未发现自然生长的幼苗,野生华盖木极度濒危的状况尚未缓解。为继续推进华盖木的研究工作,该研究从系统分类学、保护生态学、生殖生物学、化学成分等方面进行了综述。结果表明:尽管引入了分子生物学分析技术手段,但目前华盖木的系统分类地位仍没有统一的定论;华盖木仅在云南省东南部有52株、种群仅为8个,所在地分属文山州与红河州管辖,分布区具有自然地理和生物地理区系交汇过渡的属性;花期较短、依赖昆虫授粉、缺少种子传播动物、种子萌发、幼苗长成困难等生殖障碍均可能是华盖木致濒的重要因素;华盖木含有抗菌、抗血小板凝集、抗癌、抗病虫害等多种化学成分,具有较高的药用价值。查阅文献与资料发现华盖木的研究报道数量并不多,同类型文献篇幅单一、缺乏系统性和全面性,需科研人员积极深入开展相关研究。Manglietiastrum sinicum is a rare and endangered plant under state protection.After more than 40 years of conservation and possible reintroduction,as well as the scientific research,the seedling breeding technology of M.sinicum has been relatively mature now,with high survival rate,the survival of the plants growing well protection work has achieved initial success,but the current field still haven′t found the natural growth of seedlings,wild M.sinicum critically endangered status has not been alleviated.In order to promote the research work about M.sinicum,research progress on the systematics,conservation ecology,reproductive biology,chemical composition were reviewed.The results showed that there was still no consensus on the systematic classification status of M.sinicum despite the introduction of molecular biological analysis techniques.At present,only 52 individuals and eight populations were found in the wild,scattered throughout the prefectures of Wenshan andHonghe in Yunnan which had the characteristics of the transition between the natural geography and the biogeography.The reproductive obstacles such as short flowering period,insect pollination,the lack of seed dispersal animal,seed germination and seedling growth difficulty may be the important factors.M.sinicum contains a variety of chemical components,such as antibacterial,anti-platelet agglutination,anticarcinogenic,disease-resistant and insect resistant,and has high medicinal value.By collecting and consulting literature,it is found that there are only a few research reports on M.sinicum,and the literature of the same type is single,lacks systematization and comprehensiveness,which requires researchers to actively and deeply carry out relevant research.

关 键 词：华盖木 珍稀濒危植物 保护措施 野外回归 研究进展 

分 类 号：S792[农业科学—林木遗传育种]