纳米激光概述  

Introduction to Nanolasers

作　　者：许嘉璐 宁存政 熊启华 Xu Jialu;Ning Cunzheng;Xiong Qihua(Department of Electronic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Tsinghua International Center for Nano-Optoelectronics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics,Department of Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学电子工程系,北京100084 [2]清华大学国际纳米光电子学研究中心,北京100084 [3]清华大学物理系低维量子物理国家重点实验室,北京100084 [4]北京量子信息科学研究院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国激光》2021年第15期20-38,共19页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12020101003,91750206,61861136006)。

摘　　要：自从第一个激光器诞生以来,激光对科学研究和技术应用都有革命性的影响。激光本身作为一门科学和技术兼具的学科,也一直是一个快速发展和极其活跃的研究前沿,激光器的线性尺寸从极小到极大跨越达10个数量级。主要介绍近十几年来激光向极小尺寸(即纳米激光)发展的一些基本情况,包括纳米激光发展的基本历史脉络和背景、各种不同的种类和特点、应用场景、目前发展状况、面临问题、未来趋势。不同种类的纳米激光器的主要区别在于激光腔和增益材料的不同,涉及的纳米腔结构包含纳米线状腔、回音壁式腔、Fabry-Pérot腔及金属等离子激元腔等;涉及的增益介质包括普通的化合物半导体和新兴钙钛矿、过渡金属硫族化合物等。Significance The laser has had a revolutionary impact on scientific research and technological applications since it was invented more than 60 years ago.Extensive theoretical and application research has been conducted,and many important developments have been reported.For example,the size of lasers has both increased and decreased.The linear dimensions of lasers have increased by more than 10 orders of magnitude,and ultra-small semiconductor lasers that are uniquely important for many applications have been developed.Driven by Moore s law,continuous progress of microelectronics technology has resulted in unprecedented challenges and requirements.Developments in microelectronics technology have presented significant possibilities related to the transition from electronics to photonics for information transmission and processing.However,the field of integrated nanophotonics,particular in relation to lasers,still faces obstacles,including dimensions,energy consumption,and integration with silicon photonic devices.Currently,semiconductor lasers are generally more than tens of microns.To be more compatible with electronic devices,the size must be reduced by two to three orders of magnitude.According to system level analysis,the energy consumption of on-chip optical interconnection needs to be less than 10 fJ/bit,and the data transfer rate must be greater than 10 Gbit/s.Studies have shown that the power-to-bandwidth ratio decreases as the device size decreases.Silicon is an indirect bandgap semiconductor that emits light inefficiently;thus,it is necessary to integrate lasers based on other materials with silicon-based electronic chips.Nanoscale lasers have the potential to overcome the influences of mechanical strain caused by lattice mismatch and to be integrated with silicon.Therefore,the development of nanolasers is significant no matter which aspect is considered.In addition to the on-chip interconnection required by future information technology,detection,sensing and high-definition display based on nanolasers ar

关 键 词：光电子学 半导体激光器 微腔器件 等离子体 纳米光子学及光子晶体 亚波长结构 半导体 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]