不同种植密度对四川大豆农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Planting Densities on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Soybean in Sichuan

作　　者：梁建秋 安建刚 王嘉 曾召琼 杨文英 吴海英 张明荣 于晓波 LIANG Jian-qiu;AN Jian-gang;WANG Jia;ZENG Zhao-qiong;YANG Wen-ying;WU Hai-ying;ZHANG Ming-rong;YU Xiao-bo(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanchong Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Soybean Industry Technology System,Nanchong 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院/国家大豆产业技术体系南充综合试验站,四川南充637000

出　　处：《大豆科学》2021年第5期653-661,共9页Soybean Science

基　　金：四川省大豆育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0018);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES25);现代农业产业技术体系四川豆类杂粮创新团队(SCCXTD-2021-20);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101500)。

摘　　要：为确定不同大豆品种在四川的适宜种植密度,以便为高产栽培技术提供理论依据,本研究以油6019、南夏豆35、南夏豆38、南农99-6大豆品种为试验材料,设置20万、25万、31.25万株·hm^(-2)共3个种植密度,研究不同种植密度对大豆主要农艺性状、产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:随着种植密度增加,各品种的株高、底荚高、平均节间长和倒伏率逐渐升高,成活植株率、有效分枝数、单株有效荚、单株粒数和单株粒重逐渐降低,而主茎节数和百粒重变化不明显;但随着种植密度增加,各品种产量变化趋势及最高产量的适宜密度有所区别,油6019、南夏豆35、南农99-6的产量随着密度增加而先增加后降低,均在密度为25万株·hm^(-2)时产量最高,分别为3049,2754和3182 kg·hm^(-2),而品种南夏豆38产量随着密度增加而逐渐降低,在20万株·hm^(-2)时产量最高,为2985 kg·hm^(-2)。由此可见,品种油6019、南夏豆35和南农99-6在四川的适宜种植密度为25万株·hm^(-2),南夏豆38为20万株·hm^(-2)。In order to determine the suitable planting density of different soybean varieties and provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation techniques in Sichuan,four soybean varieties including You 6019,Nanxiadou 35,Nanxiiadou 38 and Nannong 99-6 were used as experimental materials,three planting densities(200,250,312.5 thousand plants·ha^(-1))were set up to study its effects on the main agronomic traits,yield and yield components of soybean varieties.The results showed that with the increase of planting density,the plant height,bottom pod height,average internode length and lodging rate increased,the survival plant rate,effective branches,pods number,seeds and seed weight per plant decreased,while the number of main stem nodes and the 100-seed weight were not changed obviously.With the increase of planting density,the yield change trends of different varieties was different.The yield of You 6019,Nanxiadou 35,Nannong 99-6 increased firstly and then decreased and reached the highest yield 3049,2754 and 3182 kg·ha^(-1)respectively under the planting density of 250 thousand plants·ha^(-1).The yield of Nanxiiadou 38 decreased all the time and reached the highest yield 2985 kg·ha^(-1)under the planting density of 200 thousand plants·ha^(-1).The results indicated that the suitable planting density in Sichuan of You 6019,Nanxiadou 35 and Nannong 99-6 were all 250 thousand plants·ha^(-1),and the suitable planting density of Nanxiiadou 38 was 200 thousand plants·ha^(-1).

关 键 词：大豆 种植密度 农艺性状 倒伏率 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]