二战后初期美英在全球军事基地问题上的分歧与协调  

Differences and Coordination between US and UK on Global Military Bases in Early Stage Post WWⅡ

作　　者：张愿[1] Zhang Yuan(Institute for International Studies,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际问题研究院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《军事历史研究》2021年第2期107-118,共12页Military History Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“苏联海上崛起后美国对苏周边海域的遏制战略及其启示研究”(19BGJ058);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“美国国际托管制度演变与战后世界领土处置失序的关系研究”(18YJC770043)。

摘　　要：从1945年底起,美国为实现其战后海外军事基地布局方案,与英国就海外军事基地问题进行了密集的磋商、谈判。在西南太平洋,美英交涉因主权争端、地区防务机制等问题遭遇挫折,但双方并不排斥彼此的军事存在,从而为未来合作埋下伏笔;在大西洋,英国帮助美国在亚速尔、冰岛及英国本土获得一系列临时基地权利,双方由此形成了相互依赖又相互牵制的防务关系;在北非、中东,美英逐渐确定了以英国为主、美英相辅相成的安全结构。上述过程既体现出美英在安全需求、战略重心和权利主张上的差异,又反映了双方安全利益的趋同与互补。总体而言,海外军事基地成为连接美英战略利益的桥梁。美英在战后逐渐形成了"以军事基地换取安全保障"的合作模式。可以说,美国在全球的军事霸权正是建立在美英特殊关系的基础之上。Since the end of 1945,the United States and the United Kingdom have carried out intensive consultations and negotiations on the issue of overseas military bases. In the Southwest Pacific,the negotiations between the US and UK encountered setbacks due to disputes over sovereignty and regional defense mechanisms,but the two sides did not exclude each other’s military presence,thus laying the groundwork for future cooperation. In the Atlantic,the UK helped the US secure a series of temporary base rights in the Azores,Iceland and mainland Britain,creating a defense relationship of mutual dependence and mutual restraint. In North Africa and the Middle East,the US and the UK gradually established a security structure with Britain playing the principal role and the two countries complementing each other. The above process not only reflects the differences in security needs,strategic priorities and rights claims between the US and the UK,but also displays the convergence and complementarity of security interests of the two sides. In general,overseas military bases serve as a bridge connecting the strategic interests of the two countries. After the war,the US and the UK gradually formed a cooperation model of"exchanging military bases for security guarantees". It can be said that the US military hegemony in the world is based on the special relationship between the US and the UK.

关 键 词：美国 英国 军事基地 美英特殊关系 二战后 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学] E19[历史地理—世界史]