我国少数民族脱贫人口过渡期脆弱性研究  

Study on the Vulnerability of Poverty Alleviation in China

作　　者：艾斌[1] 谢忱 陈佳鹏[3] AI Bin;XIE Chen;CHEN Jia-peng(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081;China Huaxia Institute of Population and Social Development,Beijing 100029;Strategic Research Department of China Population and Development Research Center,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学民族学与社会学学院,北京100081 [2]北京华夏人口与社会发展研究所,北京100029 [3]中国人口与发展研究中心战略研究部,北京100081

出　　处：《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第5期134-141,共8页Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2020年度中国人口与发展研究中心“人口健康与减贫战略”合作项目“西北地区少数民族人口多维因病致贫脆弱性分析”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利以及"三农"工作重心转向乡村振兴的背景下,2021年中央一号文件提出为巩固脱贫成果、防止返贫设立五年帮扶过渡期。本研究使用2020年全国健康扶贫动态管理系统数据,基于脆弱性理论及其暴露、敏感、恢复三要素视角,揭示了我国少数民族脱贫人口过渡期的返贫脆弱性问题。首先,暴露因素为地域、年龄、教育三个方面,主要是西部地区、老年人群,低教育水平;其次,敏感因素为12项致贫原因,其中,缺技术、缺资金、因病三大敏感因素覆盖近70%的脱贫人口,老年人群以及东北部地区主要对健康因素敏感,西部地区以及中青年人群主要对资源因素敏感;再者,较强恢复能力为劳动脱贫占64%,较弱恢复能力为社保脱贫占32%,不同暴露状态与敏感状态人群的恢复能力不同,资源敏感人群的恢复能力较强,健康敏感人群的恢复能力较弱。因此,为预防我国少数民族脱贫人口过渡期返贫,要在减少暴露因素、降低敏感因素、提高恢复能力等三个层次上改善过渡期脆弱性问题.Under the background of the overall success of poverty alleviation and the shifting focus from "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" towards rural revitalization, the No.1 Document of the CPC Central Committee in 2021 proposed to set up a five-year transition period to consolidate the achievements of poverty alleviation and prevent returning to poverty. This study adopts the data of the National Health Poverty Alleviation Dynamic Management System in 2020, and reveals the vulnerability of Chinese ethnic minorities returning to poverty during the transition period based on the vulnerability theory and the perspective of exposure, sensitivity and recovery. First, the exposure factors are region, age, education, mainly in the western provinces and regions, being the elderly people with low education level;secondly, the sensitive factors are 12 causes of poverty, among which the three sensitive factors including lack of technology, lack of funds and disease cover nearly 70 percent of the people out of poverty, the elderly and people in the northeast provinces and regions are mainly sensitive to health factors, and young and middle-aged people are mainly sensitive to resource factors;moreover, strong recovery capacity accounts for 64 percent for labor poverty alleviation, and weak recovery capacity is 32 percent for social security poverty alleviation. Different exposed states have different recovery ability from sensitive groups and the recovery ability of resource-sensitive groups is strong, and the recovery ability of healthy and sensitive groups is weak. Therefore, in order to prevent the return of poverty during the transition period, we should improve the vulnerability of the transition period at three levels, including reducing the exposure factors, reducing the sensitive factors, and improving the recovery ability.

关 键 词：少数民族 脱贫人口 过渡期 脆弱性 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]