南方蓝鳍金枪鱼资源管理与可持续利用  

Resource management and sustainable utilization of southern bluefin tuna

作　　者：孙佳星 李莹春[1] 许柳雄[1] SUN Jiaxing;LI Yingchun;XU Liuxiong(College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2021年第5期856-865,共10页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：农业农村部涉外渔业与管理有关问题的研究项目(D-8002-15-8014)。

摘　　要：南方蓝鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus maccoyii)属高度洄游鱼类,主要分布在南半球30°S~50°S水域,是金枪鱼类中经济价值最高的种类之一,南方蓝鳍金枪鱼养护委员会(Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna,CCSBT)是当前管理该鱼种的唯一区域渔业管理组织。该资源的可持续利用日益受到国际社会的关注,也是CCSBT面临的挑战。结合南方蓝鳍金枪鱼种群分布、资源开发状况以及CCSBT现行养护和管理措施,探讨了南方蓝鳍金枪鱼渔业可持续利用面临的挑战,认为CCSBT通过实施一系列养护和管理措施,比较有效地遏制了南方蓝鳍金枪鱼资源的衰退趋势,而且近几年生物量呈现增加迹象,但仍然面临可能的非法、不报告和不受管制(Illegal,Unreported and Unregulated,IUU)捕捞活动、其他金枪鱼管理组织管辖范围内的兼捕以及渔获统计数据不完善等方面的挑战。就配额分配、提高数据质量、打击IUU捕捞,履行观察员最低覆盖率,以及妥善解决重叠区内南方蓝鳍金枪鱼兼捕问题等方面提出了相应的建议。结果可为研究或希望了解CCSBT渔业的有关企业和渔业管理人员提供参考。The southern bluefin tuna(Thunnus maccoyii)is a highly migratory species,mainly distributed in the waters from 30°S to 50°S in the southern hemisphere,and it is one of the species with the highest economic value among the tunas.Currently the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna(CCSBT)is the only regional fisheries management organization(RFMO)regulating this species.The sustainable use of this resource has drawn increasing attention from the international community,which is also a challenge to CCSBT.Combined with the distribution of southern bluefin tuna resources,status of resources exploitation and CCSBT conservation and management measures,the challenges facing the sustainable development of southern bluefin tuna fisheries are discussed.It is though that by implementing a series of maintenance and management measures effectively CCSBT has curbed the decline trend of southern bluefin tuna resources and its biomass has showed increasing signs in recent years,but still faces such challenges as IUU fishing,effective implementation of management measures,full and effective monitoring of incidental catch or bycatch by non-member fishing fleets within the jurisdiction of other regional tuna fisheries management organizations,improvement of catches statistics,etc.The suggestions on quota allocation,improving data quality,cracking down on IUU fishing,implementation of the minimum observer coverage and properly solving the problem of SBT bycatch within the overlapping areas between CCSBT and other t-RFMO.The result can provide reference for relevant enterprises and fishery managers who want to study or understand CCSBT fishery.

关 键 词：南方蓝鳍金枪鱼 资源管理 可持续利用 南方蓝鳍金枪鱼养护委员会 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]