减施肥料配施根际促生菌对大豆-玉米间作根际土壤与作物生长的影响  

Effect of Reduced Fertilizer and Applying Growth-promoting Bacteria(PGPR)on Growth of Soybean and Corn under the Intercropping Pattern

作　　者：舒健虹[1] 刘晓霞 王子苑 李安 蒙正兵 王小利[1] SHU Jianhong;LIU Xiaoxia;WANG Ziyuan;LI An;MENG Zhengbing;WANG Xiaoli(GuizhouPratacultural Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;School of Life Sciences/Institute of Agricultural Biological Engeering,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院草业研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第8期65-73,共9页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目[黔科合支撑(2019)2359];贵州省高层次创新人才项目[黔科合平台人才(2019)5005]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明低氮磷肥料配施促生菌PGPR对土壤微生物环境与间作大豆生长的影响机制,为推动化肥减施增效和绿色农业发展提供参考。【方法】通过接种根瘤菌属菌株R325-3(Rhizobium sophorae)与菌株R287-5嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)的组合菌剂,研究大豆单作、玉米单作、大豆-玉米间作不同种植模式和无菌剂(NM)、复合菌剂(M)不同处理方式,对植株的株高、叶长、根长、全氮、全磷、全钾含量及地上生物量与土壤酶活的影响。【结果】低氮磷条件下大豆单作地上干物质产量处理4(大豆单作+复合菌)显著高于处理1(大豆单作,未施加复合菌);间作处理6(大豆玉米间作+复合菌)的地上生物产量极显著高于处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌)。处理6(大豆玉米间作+复合菌)与处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌)相比,大豆植株的株高极显著增高;玉米植株的株高、叶长显著提高,植株磷含量极显著增高。大豆根际土壤脲酶活性处理4(大豆单作+复合菌)极显著高于处理1(大豆单作,未施加复合菌),同时极显著降低硝酸还原酶活性;玉米根际土壤中蛋白酶活性、脲酶活性和硝酸还原酶活性玉米单作+复合菌组极显著提高。处理6(大豆玉米间作+复合菌)根际土壤蛋白酶活性极显著高于处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌),脲酶活性降低极显著。大豆根际土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N的含量间作极显著高于单作处理,而土壤中NO_(3)^(-)-N的含量相反,处理3(大豆玉米间作,未施加复合菌)土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N∶NH_(4)^(+)-N为4.76∶1,处理6土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N∶NH_(4)^(+)-N为3.58∶1,促生菌缩小了NO_(3)^(-)-N和NH_(4)^(+)-N在大豆-玉米间作土壤中的差距。【结论】低氮磷条件下,接种促生菌剂可优化间作大豆在群体中的空间分布,提高系统干物质产量,增加土壤中蛋白酶、脲酶活性及NH_(4)^(+)-N的含量,降低硝酸还原酶活性,�【Objective】The influence mechanism of compound fertilization of low N,P and growth-promoting bacteria to soil,micro-environment and soybean-corn intercropping is explored,which provides a reference for reduction and chemical fertilizer and green agriculture.【Method】The effects of PGPR on height,leaf length,root length,TN,TP and TK content and aboveground biomass of soybean and corn plants produced from their seeds soaked with mixed bacteria solution of R325-3 Rhizobium sophorae and R287-5 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and soil enzyme activityunder monocropping and intercropping patterns.【Result】The aboveground dry matter yield of T_(4)(soybeanmonocropping+mixed bacteria solution treatment)is significantly higher than T_(1)(soybean monocropping and no mixed bacteria solution treatment)under low N and P condition.The aboveground biomass yield of T_(6)(soybean and corn intercropping+mixed bacteria solution treatment)is very significantly higher than T 3(soybean and corn intercropping).The soybean height of T_(6) is very significantly higher than T 3.The corn height and leaf length of T_(6) are significantly higher than T 3.The P content in corn and soybean plants of T_(6) is higher than T 3 very significantly.The rhizosphere soil urease activity of soybean of T_(4) is very significantly higher than T_(1) but the nitrate reductase activity of soybean of T_(4) is very significantly lower than T_(1).The proteinase,urease and nitrate reductase activity of corn rhizosphere soil increases very significantly.The rhizosphere soil proteinase activity of T_(6) is very significantly higher than T 3 but the rhizosphere soil urease activity of T_(6) is lower than T 3 very significantly.The NH_(4)^(+)-Ncontent in soybean rhizosphere soil under intercropping pattern is very significantly higher than under soybean monocropping.The NO_(3)^(-)-N content in soybean rhizosphere soil under intercropping pattern is very significantly lower than under soybeanmonocropping.NO_(3)^(-)-N∶NH_(4)^(+)-N ratio of T 3 and T_(6) is 4.7

关 键 词：根际促生菌 低氮、磷 大豆-玉米间作 氮、磷、钾吸收利用 促生菌 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]