重庆城口大型真菌种类及其分布特征  

Species Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Macrofungi in Chengkou County of Chongqing

作　　者：熊驰 郑万祥 胡亚萍 丁晖 赵顺鑫 刘建兴 邓洪平[1] 张家辉[1] XIONG Chi;ZHENG Wanxiang;HU Yaping;DING Hui;ZHAO Shunxin;LIU Jianxing;DENG Hongping;ZHANG Jiahui(College of Life Science/Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210042;Chengkou Forestry Bureau,Chongqing 405999,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院/资源植物保护与种质创新重庆市重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [3]重庆市城口县林业局,重庆405999

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2021年第8期92-97,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：生态环境部生物多样性调查、观测和评估项目(SHKJ8-2-3-8-1);重庆市科技传播与普及项目(zs_cstc2019kpzx-kphdB0024)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明重庆城口县大型真菌种类及其分布,为保护和合理利用大型真菌生物资源提供依据。【方法】采用传统形态学、光学显微镜观察和分子生物学等方法,首次对重庆市城口县域范围内大型真菌进行初步调查,统计分析其子实体的形态结构特征、生态分布及生活习性。【结果】城口县境内有大型真菌63科149属299种,其中子囊菌11科19属32种,担子菌52科130属267种;从生活习性看,土生真菌208种、木生真菌86种、寄生真菌4种、粪土生真菌2种;优势类群明显,含10个种以上的优势科主要有牛肝菌科、红菇科、多孔菌科、鹅膏科及蘑菇科等,分布广泛的优势种主要有裂褶菌、变色栓菌、血红密孔菌等;城口县大型真菌在各植被类型中的物种数量依次为阔叶林>针阔混交林>针叶林>竹林>农田;从垂直分布情况看,大型真菌多数分布在881~1080 m。【结论】城口县大型真菌资源较为丰富、优势科明显,主要分布于海拔1000 m左右的阔叶林及针阔混交林。【Objective】The species and distribution of macrofungi in Chengkou County of Chongqing are explored to provide a reference for the protection and rational utilization of macrofungi biological resource.【Method】The macrofungi in the areas of Chengkou County-level in Chongqing are preliminary investigated for the first time,and the morphological structure characteristics,ecological distribution and living habits of their fruitbodies are analyzed by using traditional morphology,optical microscope observation and molecular biology methods.【Result】There are 299 species of macrofungi belonging to 149 genera of 63 families in Chengkou County,which includes 32 species of Ascomycetes belonging to 19 genera of 11 families,and 267 species of Basidiomycetes belonging to 130 genera of 52 families.According to their living habits,they are categorized into 208 humicolous species,86 lignicolous species,4 parasitical species and 2 coprophilous species respectively.The dominant families with more than 10 species mainly contain Boletaceae,Russulaceae,Polyporaceae,Amanitaceae,Agaricaceae,etc.The widely distributed dominant species are mainly Schizophyllum commune,Trametes versicolor,Pycnoporus sanguineus,etc.The species quantities of macrofungi in each vegetation type in Chengkou County follow broad-leaved forest>coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>coniferous forest>bamboo forest>farmland.From the perspective of vertical distribution,macrofungi are mostly distributed in the altitude between 881 m and 1080 m.【Conclusion】The macrofungi resource of Chengkou County is abundant with obvious dominant families,and are mainly distributed in broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at altitude around 1000 m.

关 键 词：大型真菌 物种组成 生态分布 城口 重庆 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学]