美国交通信号配时实践与技术综述  

A Comprehensive Review of Traffic Signal Timing Practice and Techniques in the United States

作　　者：田宗忠[1] 王奥博 TIAN Zong;WANG Ao-bo(Center for Advanced Transportation Education and Research,University of Nevada Reno,Reno 89557,USA)

机构地区：[1]内华达大学,先进交通教育与研究中心,美国里诺89557

出　　处：《交通运输系统工程与信息》2021年第5期66-76,共11页Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology

摘　　要：交通信号控制是城市交通管理的重要组成部分。交通信号配时优化作为一项投入规模较小、效果较为明显的交通治理措施,近年来受到了广泛关注。美国是世界上较早应用交通信号控制的国家,对其交通信号配时实践与技术进行分析具有重要借鉴意义。本文从实践角度出发,综述了美国交通信号配时的技术特点、工作流程、主要配时工具以及近期研究动向。首先,将美国交通信号配时的技术特点归纳为3点,即配时参数定义自成体系,强调感应控制条件下的信号协调和采用“环栅相位结构”表示配时方案。其次,依据“结果导向”式的信号配时步骤归纳了美国信号配时工作主要流程,同时分析了Synchro,TRANSYT-7F,TranSync,Tru-Traffic等信号配时软件工具。另外,围绕“信号配时效果评价”“智能网联条件下的交通信号控制”两项主题介绍了近期美国交通信号控制的研究动向。最后讨论了未来交通信号配时技术的发展并提出4点展望和关注,分别是配时软件工具开发与应用将发挥日益重要的作用,新数据资源的应用将能够极大程度上改进现有交通信号配时实践并带来显著工程效益,面向传统交通信号控制向智能网联环境过渡阶段的配时研究需要加强,以及交通信号控制相关的基础性交通研究仍需进一步深入和巩固。Traffic signal control is a critical part of urban transportation management.As a cost-effective approach to traffic operational improvements,facilitating the development of signal timing has been of a great interest to traffic engineers and researchers in recent years.The United States(US)is one of the most advanced countries where traffic signals were first implemented,and its best practices and lessons learned could be beneficial to many other countries.This paper provides a comprehensive review of traffic signal timing practice and techniques in the US,focusing on signal control characteristics,timing development process and software tools,as well as emerging technologies and techniques.The signal control practice in the US(also Canada)possesses some unique characteristics comparing to other countries.First,some signal timing terminologies may only exist in the US or have different meanings,such as a“signal phase”.Those who are interested in understanding the US practice must go through the details of the term definitions documented in the US manuals and standards.Secondly,a special ring-barrier structure is widely adopted to describe signal phasing and timing.Through a combination of rings and barriers that imply the duration,sequence and compatibility of signal phases,this structure allows for safe and efficient implementation of signal timing,especially at typical intersections with actuated traffic signals.Thirdly,the US signal control facilities and signal timing techniques are mostly on traffic actuated control.In the context of an actuated control mode,timing development for isolated signals can be simplified,as signal operations are largely in response to detector actuations;hence,the major effort goes to developing signal coordination.An outcome-based procedure has been highly encouraged in the US signal timing development process.The procedure is comprised of several steps,such as data collection,data analysis,timing development,and timing maintenance,in which the effectiveness and efficiency of

关 键 词：交通工程 信号配时 研究综述 感应协调控制 配时软件应用 

分 类 号：U491.5[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]