乡村振兴背景下农村宅基地功能分化机理、规律及治理对策研究——基于资产专用性视角  

Study on the Mechanism,Law and Counter Measures of Functional Differentiation of Rural Homestead under the Background of Rural Revitalization:A Perspective of Asset Specificity

作　　者：林超[1] 陈卫华 吕萍[3] LIN Chao;CHEN Weihua;LV Ping

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学公共管理学院,山西太原030006 [2]河南财经政法大学工程管理与房地产学院,河南郑州450046 [3]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2021年第5期38-45,共8页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：研究阐述党的十九大精神国家社会科学基金重大专项课题“新时代我国城乡住房制度变革与创新”(18VSJ097);农业农村部乡村振兴专家咨询委员会软科学课题“推进农村宅基地制度改革研究”(201926);山西省软科学研究课题“农村宅基地功能分化推动乡村振兴战略实施路径研究”(2018041004-4);山西省哲学社会科学规划课题“构建资源经济转型地区农村集体经营性建设用地入市制度研究——基于山西泽州试点”(2020YJ100);山西社会主义学院课题“农村宅基地‘三权分置’推动乡村振兴模式研究——以山西省为例”(SYKTZB2021095)。

摘　　要：根据不完全契约理论,农村宅基地制度可以视作国家与农户之间签订的不完全契约,国家通过宅基地专用性投资保障农村居民基本的住房权益。但是,这种资产专用性导致可占用性准租,带来投机主义行为风险。随着可占用性准租逐渐增大,农户实施"敲竹杠"行为的动机增大,表现为利用农村宅基地从事非居住保障功能现象越来越多,所以,农村宅基地功能分化本质就是农户攫取宅基地制度可占用性准租的机会主义行为。现行的宅基地内部治理模式不能适应这种功能分化趋势,造成宅基地治理绩效不高,引发诸多宅基地利用乱象。所以,应当削弱农村宅基地资产专用性,建立农村居住用地制度,完善农村宅基地治理体系。According to the incomplete contract theory,the rural homestead system can be regarded as an incomplete contract signed by thestate and the peasant households.The state guarantees the basic housing rights and interests of rural residents through the special investment of the homestead.However,this kind of asset specificity leads to occupancy quasi-rent,which brings the risk of speculative behavior.With the gradual increase of occupancy quasi-rent,the motivation of farmers to implement"ripping off"behavior will increase,which is manifested in the phenomenon of using rural homestead for non-residential security function.Therefore,the essence of functional differentiation of rural homestead is an opportunistic behavior where the household occupies the appropriable quasi-rents of rural homestead system.The current internal governance model of homestead cannot adapt to this trend of functional differentiation,resulting in low governance performance of homestead and causing many chaotic phenomena of homestead usage.Therefore,the property specificity of rural homestead should be weakened,the rural residential land system should be established,and the governance system of rural homestead should be improved.

关 键 词：农村宅基地 农村宅基地功能 乡村振兴 资产专用性 农村宅基地治理 可占用性准租 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]