基于低碳发展的北京城市生活垃圾处理模式优化  

Optimization of Beijing municipal solid waste treatment model based on low-carbon development

作　　者：李颖 武学[1] 孙成双 耿子洁 张全红 LI Ying;WU Xue;SUN Chengshuang;GENG Zijie;ZHANG Quanhong(School of Environment and Energy Engineering,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102600,China;Beijing Energy Conservation&Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102600,China;Climate Change Research and Talent Training Base in Beijing,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;School of Urban Economy and Management,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102600,China;School of Marxism,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 102600,China;Circular Economy Industrial Park in Beijing Chaoyang District,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,北京102600 [2]北京建筑大学北京节能减排与城乡可持续发展省部共建协同创新中心,北京102600 [3]北京建筑大学北京应对气候变化研究和人才培养基地,北京100044 [4]北京建筑大学城市经济与管理学院,北京102600 [5]北京建筑大学马克思主义学院,北京102600 [6]北京朝阳区循环经济产业园,北京100048

出　　处：《资源科学》2021年第8期1574-1588,共15页Resources Science

基　　金：北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(SZ202110016008);北京建筑大学社会实践与创新创业课程项目(SJSC1904);北京市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(X18144);青年北京学者计划项目(No.024)。

摘　　要：随着中国低碳经济发展和垃圾资源化处理的战略要求,城市生活垃圾处理设施建设不断完善,生活垃圾处理模式及其碳排放也呈现动态变化。本文依据IPCC质量平衡法和北京市生活垃圾焚烧企业温室气体排放核算方法,辅以实地调研,以生活垃圾处理设施场(厂)界为核算边界,对"十五"至"十三五"4个时期的不同生活垃圾处理设施的碳排放、能耗等进行强度核算,构建了基于低碳经济的北京生活垃圾处理多目标优化模型,并利用MATLAB求解,提出了未来北京生活垃圾处理模式的发展趋势。研究发现:(1)北京生活垃圾处理模式已由"以卫生填埋为主"转变为"以焚烧为主、堆肥为辅";(2)2020年北京首次实现原生垃圾"零填埋",此时生活垃圾处理模式中焚烧厂和堆肥厂的总设计处理能力占比大于75%;(3)"十四五"时期北京生活垃圾处理模式优化结果为卫生填埋:焚烧:堆肥=5:51:44,即应发展为"焚烧和堆肥并进式"。本文研究结果可为未来北京生活垃圾处理模式低碳建设发展提供理论支撑。With the strategic requirements of China’s low-carbon development and waste resources recovery,municipal solid waste(MSW)treatment facilities have been continuously established and improved,and the MSW treatment model and related carbon emissions have also shown dynamic changes.Based on the mass balance method from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)and guidelines of Beijing greenhouse gas emission accounting from MSW incineration plants,supplemented by field investigation,this study calculated carbon emissions,energy consumption,and resource utilization rates of different MSW treatment facilities within their facility boundaries during the four periods from the 10 th Five-Year Plan to the 13 th Five-Year Plan.Subsequently,a multi-objective optimization model of Beijing MSW treatment mode based on a low-carbon economy was constructed;the model was optimized by using MATLAB to determine the trend of development of MSW treatment mode of Beijing.The results show that:(1)The MSW treatment mode of Beijing has changed to"incineration dominating,supplemented by composting";(2)Beijing achieved"zero landfill"of primary MSW in 2020 for the first time.The total design processing capacity of incineration plants and compost plants in the MSW treatment mode accounted for more than 75%;(3)In the future MSW treatment mode of Beijing landfill,incineration,and compost will be at a proportion of 5:51:44,shifting to"incineration and composting in parallel".The results of this research can provide some theoretical support for the low-carbon development of the MSW treatment mode in Beijing in the future.

关 键 词：生活垃圾 垃圾处理模式 碳排放强度 能耗强度 设计处理能力 低碳 北京 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]