改性生物质炭钝化修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展  

Review on the remediation of heavy metal contaminatedsoil using modified biochar

作　　者：张标 陈丽莹 韩兰芳 蔡宴朋 ZHANG Biao;CHEN Liying;HAN Lanfang;CAI Yanpeng(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds,Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou,510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学环境生态工程研究院广东省流域水环境治理与水生态修复重点实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第9期2693-2703,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：广东省2019年“珠江人才计划”引进创新创业团队项目(2019ZT08L213);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(42007013)资助。

摘　　要：我国土壤重金属污染形势严峻,已对粮食安全构成威胁.以生物质废弃物资源化利用为基础所制备的生物质炭,因其廉价和高吸附性能等特点,被广泛用于土壤中重金属的钝化.本文基于生物质炭在土壤重金属污染修复方面的研究进展,系统概述了生物质炭的制备和性质以及不同改性方式对生物质炭结构特征的影响,探讨了改性处理在强化生物质炭吸附重金属性能上的效果,并客观分析了改性生物质炭对土壤重金属生物有效性的影响机制.根据当前的研究现状,总结了未来研究的重点,包括建立生物质炭结构特征与其吸附固化土壤重金属能力间的定量构效关系,引入土壤重金属生物有效性的原位分析方法,开展长期的田间试验,关注改性剂的经济成本和潜在环境风险,力图为面向土壤重金属污染修复的改性生物质炭设计和科学应用提供科学依据.The increasingly severe pollution of heavy metal in soils in China has posed a threat to food security.Biochar developed towards the resource utilization of biomass waste is cost-effective and shows high performance in heavy metal immobilization.Thus,biochar has been widely applied in the passivation of heavy metals in soils.Based on current research on the application of biochar in the remediation of heavy metal in soils,this review summarized the preparation and properties of biochar as well as the influence of different modifications on the characteristics of biochar,discussed the effect of modification on the performance of biochar in adsorbing heavy metals,analyzed the mechanisms underlying the effect of modified biochar on heavy metal bioavailability in soils.Finally,based on the shortcomings in current studies,the key points for future research are proposed as follows:develop the quantitative structure-activity relationship between the structural characteristic of biochar and its ability to adsorb heavy metal in soils;introduce the in-situ analysis technique of the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils;conduct the long-term field trials;focus onthe economic cost and potential environmental risk of the modified biochar.These would provide the scientific basis for the design and scientific application of modified biochar in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属 改性生物质炭 吸附 生物有效性 

分 类 号：TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]