奥炉协同处置废印刷电路板排放的二噁英浓度和组成  

Study on the concentration and composition of dioxin from waste printed circuit board disposed by Ausmelt furnace collaborative disposal

作　　者：杨立群 汪恂[2] 高鹏 方继敏[4] 廖鑫 YANG Liqun;WANG Xun;GAO Peng;FANG Jimin;LIAO Xin(Hubei Solid Waste and Chemical Pollution Control Center,Wuhan,430072,China;School of Municipal Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,430081,China;Foreign Cooperation and Exchange Center of the Ministry of Ecological Environment,Beijing,100035,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,430070,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省固体废物与化学品污染防治中心,武汉430072 [2]武汉科技大学市政工程学院,武汉430081 [3]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [4]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《环境化学》2021年第9期2809-2819,共11页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：联合国全球环境基金(20191h0351);国家自然科学基金(41372054,51272189);武汉市科技局2019科研计划(2013020702011350)资助。

摘　　要：利用奥炉协同处置废印刷电路板,是资源化利用有价元素铜的一种方式.为了解该过程中氯代/溴代二噁英的产生及危害,本文通过对环境空气及废旧印刷电路板(WPCB)预处理破碎生产线、奥炉进料口、排放烟气口、降尘、飞灰及出渣等处采样监测,分析氯代/溴代二噁英的浓度及各组分的分布情况,评价作业场所的暴露风险,以期为WPCB资源化过程中的污染控制与职业卫生防护提供相关参考.对大冶有色奥炉周边的大气及其中所含固相中的氯代二噁英(PCDD/Fs)和溴代二噁英(PBDD/Fs)的污染水平、同系物分布特征以及气固两相分布进行了系统的分析.研究结果显示,3个气相取样点中,∑17 PCDD/Fs最高的是排烟口29.12 pg·m^(-3),毒性当量浓度(W-TEQ)为3.45 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3);最低的是环境空气2.32 pg·m^(-3),毒性当量浓度为0.16 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3),奥炉进料口浓度为17.28 pg·m^(-3),毒性当量浓度为0.78 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3).排烟口、奥炉进料口采样∑17 PCDD/Fs总浓度分别是环境空气的13倍和7倍、W-TEQ(PCDD/Fs)分别是22倍、4倍;3个气相取样点∑11 PBDD/Fs最高的是排烟口484.95 pg·m^(-3),W-TEQ为42.67 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3),最低的是环境空气0.045 pg·m^(-3),毒性当量浓度为0.0019 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3),奥炉进口的∑11PBDD/Fs为3.21pg·m^(-3), W-TEQ(PBDD/Fs)为0.068pgTEQ·Nm^(-3);排烟口和奥炉进料口的∑11 PBDD/Fs总浓度分别是环境空气的10777倍和71倍, W-TEQ(PBDD/Fs)分别是22458倍、36倍,低于贵屿、龙塘镇和二次铜铝处理厂周边大气中二噁英的浓度水平,与浙江台州的电子垃圾拆解地空气中二噁英质量浓度水平相当.对环境空气中二噁英类物质进行暴露风险评估,其对成人、儿童的暴露量分别为0.364 pgTEQ·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)、0.617 pgTEQ·kg^(-1)·d^(-1),符合世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的PCDD/Fs日容许摄入量(TDI)1—4 pgTEQ·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)标准.The use of Ausmelt furnace to dispose waste printed circuit boards(WPCB)collaboratively is a way to re-utilization of valuable copper.To understand the generation and harm of chlorinated/brominated dioxins in the process,the author sampled and monitored the ambient air and waste printed circuit board(WPCB)pretreatment crushing production line,the Ausmelt furnace feeding inlet,the exhaust gas outlet,the dust fall,the fly ash and the slag discharge,analyzed the concentration of chlorinated/brominated dioxin and the distribution of each component,and evaluated the exposure risk in the workplace,in order to provide reference for pollution control and occupational health protection in the process of WPCB resource utilization.The pollution level,homologue distribution characteristics and gas-solid distribution of PCDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs in the gas and solid phase of the atmosphere around the Daye Ausmelt furnace were systematically analyzed.The results showed that the highest concentration of∑17 PCDD/Fs in three gas sampling points was 29.12 pg·m^(-3) at the exhaust outlet,with a toxic equivalent concentration(W-TEQ)of3.45 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3),while the lowest in ambient air was 2.32 pg·m^(-3),with a W-TEQ of0.16 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3).The concentration of the Ausmelt furnace feeding inlet was 17.28 pg·m^(-3),and its W-TEQ was 0.78 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3).The total concentration of∑17 PCDD/Fs sampled at the smoke exhaust port and Austrian furnace feed port were 13 times and 7 times that of ambient air,respectively,as well as W-TEQ were 22 times and 4 times,respectively.The highest concentration of∑11 PBDD/Fs at the three gas sampling points was 484.95 pg·m^(-3) at the smoke outlet,with a W-TEQ of 42.67 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3),while the lowest was 0.045 pg·m^(-3) in the ambient air,with a W-TEQ of0.0019 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3).The concentration of the Ausmelt furnace feeding inlet was 3.21 pg·m^(-3),its WTEQ is 0.068 pgTEQ·Nm^(-3).The total concentration of∑11 PBDD/Fs at the smoke exhaust outlet and the Ausmelt furnace feeding inlet were 10777 and 7

关 键 词：奥炉 废印刷电路板 氯代二噁英 溴代二噁英 暴露风险评估 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]