再論宋代公使庫的刻書  

To Discuss the Agency’s Engraving Book of the Local Financial Institution in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：丁紅旗 Ding Hongqi

机构地区：[1]華東師範大學中文系

出　　处：《中华文史论丛》2021年第3期123-148,400,共27页Journal of Chinese Literature and History

基　　金：2017年度教育部規劃課題《宋代刻書史料的整理與研究》的階段性成果(批准號:17YJA870004)。

摘　　要：公使庫“正賜錢不多”,在北宋中後期已出現了嚴重的缺口,即收支不抵的情況;但此時尚還不敢多挪用其他經費填補。南宋高宗、孝宗時期,在“著令許收遺利”的驅動下,公使庫通過賣酒、糟等獲得了巨額收入,甚至一度竟能高達“歲用率十數萬”貫。其間的奥妙與方法,台州知州唐仲友是一個典型。按南宋初期刻一字約4.23文足估算,鏤板一書對一州的公使庫來説,如能善於節省、籌集,甚至挪用一些其他經費,還是能做得到。而刻書的利潤至少應維持在40%以上的高位。因參與人數多、經費相對寬裕、核校認真等,公使庫刻書的品質較高。孝宗中後期,因加强了對濫用經費的核查、官員監管等,可以允許使用的範圍縮小,一些經費多溢出來刻書,進而饋贈他人,成了一時風尚。但之後,因開禧北伐導致的物價騰踴、經費緊張、監管鬆懈等,公使庫刻書幾乎是戛然而止、渾然絶迹了。The local financial institution“is not giving much money”.In the middle and later period of the Northern Song Dynasty,there appeared a serious gap,The situation of income and expenditure not covering.But this time still dare not embezzle other funds to fill.During the period of Gaozong and Xiaozong in the southern Song Dynasty,Under the drive of“giving orders and accepting legacy benefits”,the local financial institution obtained huge income by selling wine and spent grains,Even as high as a“year-old rate of tens of thousands of”guan(貫).During the mystery and method,Taizhou Governor Tang Zhongyou is a typical.Based on the estimate of 4.23 characters inscribed in the early Southern Song Dynasty,The engravings was not easy for a state’s financial institution,but it was not out of reach,If you are good at saving,raising money,or even misappropriating some other funds,you can still do it.In the Southern Song Dynasty,its profit should be kept above 40%.On the whole,the quality of engravings is relatively high due to the large number of participants,relatively ample funds and careful verification.In the middle and later period of Xiaozong’s reign,because of the strengthening of checks on the misuse of funds and the supervision of officials,The scope allowed for use has been narrowed,and some funds have overflowed to engrave books,and giving it away became a fad.But after that,because of the northern expedition of kai-xi,the prices soared,the funds were tight,the supervision was lax,and so on,the engravings of local financial institution almost came to an abrupt end and disappeared completely.

关 键 词：公使庫 宋代官刻 刻書費用 原因 

分 类 号：G239.29[文化科学] K244[历史地理—历史学]