中国共产党对外开放的百年探索及其对构建新发展格局的启示  

The Century-old Exploration of Chinese Communist Party of Opening to the Outside World and Its Enlightenment to the Construction of New Development Pattern

作　　者：张瑞[1] 郭冠清[2] ZHANG Rui;GUO Guan-qing(Jilin Bussiness and Technology College,130102;Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100836)

机构地区：[1]吉林工商学院现代化经济体系研究中心,130102 [2]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2021年第9期5-17,共13页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：中国社会科学院国有经济研究智库课题“国有企业在构建新发展格局中的作用研究”;国家社科基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义基本经济制度与国家治理现代化研究”(编号:20ZDA014);教育部人文社会科学研究专项(中国特色社会主义理论体系研究)“构建新发展格局”(批准号:21JD710005)成果之一。

摘　　要：本文以唯物史观为方法论基础,以经济史为支撑,对中国共产党对外开放百年的发展历程和成效进行了研究,结果发现:(1)新民主主义革命时期具有丰富的对外贸易思想,建立了与生产和交换条件相适应的对外贸易体系,提出了具有当代价值的"对外调剂,对内自由"贸易方针,形成了对外贸易统制的制度安排;(2)社会主义革命和建设时期的大规模设备引进与工业体系的建设为中国经济发展奠定了坚实基础,闭关锁国从来就不是中国共产党领导下的主流思想,"自力更生为主,争取外援为辅"是毛泽东对外开放思想的核心;(3)改革开放和社会主义现代化建设时期我国依据生产力所处的阶段和国外的环境,对贸易体制进行了渐进式改革,通过实施出口替代战略逐渐融入全球化,但并没有跌入比较优势陷阱之中,贸易结构中初级产品出口在总货物出口额中所占的比例2012年已下降至4.9%;(4)新时代中国坚持"引进来"与"走出去"相结合,通过"自贸试验区"和自由贸易港的建设、"一带一路"倡议、积极参与全球经济治理体系建设等,创造性地将中国对外开放推向新的历史高度;(5)中国共产党对外开放百年变迁的经验总结,为构建以国内循环为主体畅通国内国际双循环的新发展格局提供了有益启示。In this paper,based on the methodology of historical materialism,supported by economic history,for the development of the communist party of China opening to the outside world in one hundred and results studied,the results show that(1)the period of new-democratic revolution has abundant thoughts of foreign trade,set up corresponding to the foreign trade system of production and exchange,put forward the trade policy of the"foreign swap and domestic free"which has contemporary value,formed the institutional arrangement of foreign trade control;(2)The introduction of large-scale equipment and the construction of industrial system during the socialist revolution and construction period laid a solid foundation for China’s economic development.Seclusion has never been the mainstream thought under the leadership of the Communist Party of China."Self-reliance is the main idea,supplemented by foreign aid"is the core of MAO Zedong’s thought of opening to the outside world;(3)During the period of reform and opening up and socialist modernization,according to the stage of productive forces and the foreign environment,China gradually reformed its trade system and gradually integrated into globalization through the implementation of export substitution strategy,but it did not fall into the trap of comparative advantage.In the trade structure,the proportion of primary product exports in the total exports of goods dropped to 4.9%in 2012.(4)In the new era,China adheres to the combination of"bringing in"and"going global".Through the construction of"pilot free trade zones"and free trade ports,the Belt and Road Initiative,and active participation in the building of the global economic governance system,China has creatively pushed its opening-up to a new high.(5)The experience of the CPC in the century of opening up provides useful inspiration for the construction of a new development pattern with domestic circulation as the main body and unblockage of the domestic and international double circulation.

关 键 词：对外开放 对外贸易体制 唯物史观 制度型开放 全球经济治理 

分 类 号：F0—0[经济管理—政治经济学]